世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

计量经济分析 = Econometric analysis

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(08)61690-6.pdf

Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.2307%2F3343168.pdf

Development as Freedom

The global burden of disease.

This paper examines the effects of the proposed Health Insurance Reform in The Netherlands on the incidence of the burden of health care finance. The focus of attention is on the measurement of the degree of progressivity of health care payments with respect to income. By means of an empirical simulation, we have examined how the regressiveness of the Dutch health care financing system would have been affected if the proposed health insurance reform had already been implemented in 1987. The regressiveness of the simulated distribution under various assumptions is then compared to the actual distribution of health care payments across income deciles in 1987. Since concern about the solidarity between publicly and privately insured in the current system was one of the prime motivations for proposing the reform, information on the likely distributional effects is highly relevant from a policy perspective.

/pdf/health-insurance-reform-in-the-netherlands-assessing-the-2qxom8esjr.pdf

Health Insurance Reform in The Netherlands: Assessing The Progressivity Consequences*

This series is produced by the Health, Nutrition, and Population (HNP) Family of the World Bank’s Human Development Network. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations or to the members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent.

Socio-economic differences in health nutrition and population. Gabon: 2000.

The World Health Organization (WHO) issued new guidance in 2004 on how to use certain contraceptives safely and effectively including the following: A woman who misses combined oral contraceptive pills should take a hormonal pill as soon as possible and then continue taking one pill each day. This basic guidance applies no matter how many hormonal pills a woman misses. Only if a woman misses three or more hormonal pills in a row will she need to take additional steps (see p.3). The new guidance simplifies the missed-pill rules issued by WHO in 2002. Men should wait three months after a vasectomy procedure before relying on it. Previous guidelines advised men to wait either three months after the procedure or until they had had at least 20 ejaculations whichever occurred first. Recent studies have shown however that the 20-ejaculation criterion is not a reliable gauge of vasectomy effectiveness. (excerpt)

/pdf/world-health-organization-updates-guidance-on-how-to-use-3vdaii37r9.pdf

World Health Organization updates guidance on how to use contraceptives

The figures presented in this paper describe the health, nutrition, and population (hnp) status and service use among individuals belonging to different socio-economic classes in Brazil. These figures have been tabulated from data collected through the multi-country Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program. This publication is one of a series covering forty-four countries.

Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population in Brazil

In Laos health shocks are more common than most other shocks and more concentrated among the poor. They tend to be more idiosyncratic than non-health shocks, and are more costly, partly because they lead to high medical expenses, but also because they lead to income losses that are sizeable compared with the income losses associated with non-health shocks. Health shocks also stand out from other shocks in the number of coping strategies they trigger: they are more likely than non-health shocks to trigger assistance from a nongovernmental organization and other households, dis-saving, borrowing, asset sales, an early harvest, the pawning of possessions, and the delaying of plans; by contrast, they are less likely to trigger assistance from government. Consumption regressions point to only limited evidence of households not being able to smooth consumption in the face of any shock. However, these results contrast with households' own assessments of the welfare impacts of shocks. The majority said they had to cut back consumption following a shock and that shocks considerably affected their welfare. Only health shocks are worse than a drought in terms of the likelihood of a family being forced to cut back consumption and in terms of the shock affecting a family's well-being "a lot." The poor are especially disadvantaged in terms of the greater damage that health shocks inflict on household well-being. Health shocks stand out too in leading to a loss of human capital: household members experiencing a health shock did not recover their former subjective health following the health shock, losing, on average, 0.6 points on a 5-point scale. The wealthier and better educated are better able to limit the health impacts of a health shock; the data are consistent with this being due to theirgreater proximity to a health facility.

Adam Wagstaff

Papers

Health Insurance Reform in The Netherlands: Assessing The Progressivity Consequences*

Socio-economic differences in health nutrition and population. Gabon: 2000.

World Health Organization updates guidance on how to use contraceptives

Socio-economic differences in health, nutrition, and population in Brazil

Are Health Shocks Different? Evidence from a Multi-Shock Survey in Laos