2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

The 2008 crash has left all the established economic doctrines - equilibrium models, real business cycles, disequilibria models - in disarray. Part of the problem is due to Smith’s "veil of ignorance": individuals unknowingly pursue society’s interest and, as a result, have no clue as to the macroeconomic effects of their actions: witness the Keynes and Leontief multipliers, the concept of value added, fiat money, Engel’s law and technical progress, to name but a few of the macrofoundations of microeconomics. A good viewpoint to take bearings anew lies in comparing the post-Great Depression institutions with those emerging from Thatcher and Reagan’s economic policies: deregulation, exogenous vs. endoge- nous money, shadow banking vs. Volcker’s Rule. Very simply, the banks, whose lending determined deposits after Roosevelt, and were a public service became private enterprises whose deposits determine lending. These underlay the great moderation preceding 2006, and the subsequent crash.

The Economic Institutions of Capitalism

▶ Addresses a wide range of timely environment, economic and energy topics ▶ A forum to review, analyze and stimulate the development, testing and implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies at regional, national and global scales ▶ Contributes to real-time policy analysis and development as national and international policies and agreements are discussed and promulgated ▶ 94% of authors who answered a survey reported that they would definitely publish or probably publish in the journal again

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

Recent literature concerning regional development has placed significant emphasis on local institutional structures and their capacity to ‘hold down’ the global. Conversely, work on inter-firm networks – such as the global commodity chain approach – has highlighted the significance of the organizational structures of global firms’ production systems and their relation to industrial upgrading. In this paper, drawing upon a global production networks perspective, we conceptualize the connections between ‘globalizing’ processes, as embodied in the production networks of transnational corporations, and regional development in specific territorial formations. We delimit the ‘strategic coupling’ of the global production networks of firms and regional economies which ultimately drives regional development through the processes of value creation, enhancement and capture. In doing so, we stress the multi-scalarity of the forces and processes underlying regional development, and thus do not privilege one particular geographical scale. By way of illustration, we introduce an example drawn from recent research into global production networks in East Asia and Europe. The example profiles the investments of car manufacturer BMW in Eastern Bavaria, Germany and Rayong, Thailand, and considers their implications for regional development.

Globalizing regional development: aglobal production networks perspective

With sustained high bunker prices, new methods for choosing optimal bunkering ports to save total operating costs have appeared in research involving liner shipping companies. Generally speaking, the bunkering port selection problem is solved by utilizing ship planning software. However, this can only work optimally when ship arrivals can be forecasted rather accurately, and its primary limitation is that it ignores unforeseen circumstances in actual operations. Hitherto, there are no fixed rules for bunkering port selection. To address this problem, this chapter develops a benchmarking framework that evaluates bunkering ports’ performances within regular liner routes in order to choose optimal ones. Bunkering port selection is typically a multi-criteria group decision problem, and in many practical situations, decision makers cannot form proper judgments using incomplete and uncertain information in an environment with exact and crisp values; thus, fuzzy numbers are proposed in this chapter. A hybrid Fuzzy-Delphi-TOPSIS based methodology that divides the benchmarking into three stages is employed to support the entire framework. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis is performed. The proposed framework can enable decision makers to better understand the complex relationships of the relevant key performance factors and assist managers in comprehending the present strengths and weaknesses of their strategies.

The Use of the Hybrid Fuzzy-Delphi-TOPSIS Approach in Identifying Optimal Bunkering Ports for Shipping Lines

Understanding the determination mechanism and dynamics of shipping freight rates has significant implications for practitioners, economists, and regulators of maritime transport. This paper systematically reviews the relevant papers on shipping freight rate published between 2000 and 2019. Specifically, it provides empirical insights including the major influencing factors of shipping freight rates and differences among the shipping sectors, and discusses the dominant methods and their applicability, strengths and weaknesses, and opportunities for new methods. Furthermore, the omissions and limitations in methods are explored to identify the research gaps and set a future research agenda. It is found that there is a strong focus on temporal dynamics with a wide range of modelling methods applied, while discussion on cross-sectional dynamics on how shipping freight rates are determined by vessel characteristics, contract terms, market competition, etc., is limited. Besides, the collaboration network analysis shows that more knowledge sharing and cross-discipline collaboration efforts can create potential for more inspired insights with advanced methods in this field. 

Quantitative modelling of shipping freight rates: developments in the past 20 years

This chapter discusses maritime container security in practice. It introduces one of the major threats to container security at sea, namely piracy, as well as container security in ports. Also, the obstacles and challenges of the tools in securing container security in ports are discussed.

Container Security at Sea and in Ports

Review of Prokop, Darren J. 2017. Global Supply Chain Security and Management: Appraising Programs, Preventing Crimes . Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. USD 49.95. Paperback ISBN: 9780128007488, pp. 200

Book reviewPorts in Proximity: Competition and Coordination among Adjacent Seaports, T. Notteboom, C. Ducruet, P. De Langen (Eds.). Ashgate (2009). £61.75, ISBN: 9-780754-676881

Adolf K.Y. Ng

Papers

The Use of the Hybrid Fuzzy-Delphi-TOPSIS Approach in Identifying Optimal Bunkering Ports for Shipping Lines

Quantitative modelling of shipping freight rates: developments in the past 20 years

Container Security at Sea and in Ports

Review of Prokop, Darren J. 2017. Global Supply Chain Security and Management: Appraising Programs, Preventing Crimes . Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann. USD 49.95. Paperback ISBN: 9780128007488, pp. 200

Book reviewPorts in Proximity: Competition and Coordination among Adjacent Seaports, T. Notteboom, C. Ducruet, P. De Langen (Eds.). Ashgate (2009). £61.75, ISBN: 9-780754-676881