2 1 The innovative transport systems and the CityMobil project 10 1.1 The research questions 10 2 The state of art in the field of automatic transport systems 12 2.1 Case studies and demand studies for innovative transport systems 12 3 The design and implementation of surveys 14 3.1 Definition of experimental design 14 3.2 Questionnaire design and delivery 16 3.3 First analyses on the collected sample 18 4 Calibration of Logit Multionomial demand models 21 4.1 Methodology 21 4.2 Calibration of the “full” model. 22 4.3 Calibration of the “final” model 24 4.4 The demand analysis through the final Multinomial Logit model 25 5 The analysis of interaction between the demand and socioeconomic attributes 31 5.1 Methodology 31 5.2 Application of Mixed Logit models to the demand 31 5.3 Analysis of the interactions between demand and socioeconomic attributes through Mixed Logit models 32 5.4 Mixed Logit model and interaction between age and the demand for the CTS 38 5.5 Demand analysis with Mixed Logit model 39 6 Final analyses and conclusions 45 6.1 Comparison between the results of the analyses 45 6.2 Conclusions 48 6.3 Answers to the research questions and future developments 52

The European commission

The 2008 crash has left all the established economic doctrines - equilibrium models, real business cycles, disequilibria models - in disarray. Part of the problem is due to Smith’s "veil of ignorance": individuals unknowingly pursue society’s interest and, as a result, have no clue as to the macroeconomic effects of their actions: witness the Keynes and Leontief multipliers, the concept of value added, fiat money, Engel’s law and technical progress, to name but a few of the macrofoundations of microeconomics. A good viewpoint to take bearings anew lies in comparing the post-Great Depression institutions with those emerging from Thatcher and Reagan’s economic policies: deregulation, exogenous vs. endoge- nous money, shadow banking vs. Volcker’s Rule. Very simply, the banks, whose lending determined deposits after Roosevelt, and were a public service became private enterprises whose deposits determine lending. These underlay the great moderation preceding 2006, and the subsequent crash.

The Economic Institutions of Capitalism

▶ Addresses a wide range of timely environment, economic and energy topics ▶ A forum to review, analyze and stimulate the development, testing and implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies at regional, national and global scales ▶ Contributes to real-time policy analysis and development as national and international policies and agreements are discussed and promulgated ▶ 94% of authors who answered a survey reported that they would definitely publish or probably publish in the journal again

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

What makes organizations so similar? We contend that the engine of rationalization and bureaucratization has moved from the competitive marketplace to the state and the professions. Once a set of organizations emerges as a field, a paradox arises: rational actors make their organizations increasingly similar as they try to change them. We describe three isomorphic processes-coercive, mimetic, and normative—leading to this outcome. We then specify hypotheses about the impact of resource centralization and dependency, goal ambiguity and technical uncertainty, and professionalization and structuration on isomorphic change. Finally, we suggest implications for theories of organizations and social change.

The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields (Chinese Translation)

Recent literature concerning regional development has placed significant emphasis on local institutional structures and their capacity to ‘hold down’ the global. Conversely, work on inter-firm networks – such as the global commodity chain approach – has highlighted the significance of the organizational structures of global firms’ production systems and their relation to industrial upgrading. In this paper, drawing upon a global production networks perspective, we conceptualize the connections between ‘globalizing’ processes, as embodied in the production networks of transnational corporations, and regional development in specific territorial formations. We delimit the ‘strategic coupling’ of the global production networks of firms and regional economies which ultimately drives regional development through the processes of value creation, enhancement and capture. In doing so, we stress the multi-scalarity of the forces and processes underlying regional development, and thus do not privilege one particular geographical scale. By way of illustration, we introduce an example drawn from recent research into global production networks in East Asia and Europe. The example profiles the investments of car manufacturer BMW in Eastern Bavaria, Germany and Rayong, Thailand, and considers their implications for regional development.

Globalizing regional development: aglobal production networks perspective

This chapter considers maritime security as it appears at headquarters, considering how container security relates to the national security calculus, and how it is (not) pursued by the responsible state agencies in different national contexts with an emphasis on how to methodologically deploy technology to reduce associated risks. In this context, it proposes the CRAVE (costs, risks, and values evaluation) framework for GTD decisions, including supply chain security. It discusses the role of technology in container security and illustrates the characteristics of container security strategic decisions. Also, it explains the CRAVE framework, including how it can be used to make good decisions in container security.

The Issue of Deploying Technology

This chapter analyzes the potential opportunities and challenges associated with the opening of the Arctic Ocean for Norway. Climate change in the Arctic is opening up access to sea routes of the Arctic region, and this could boost trade and consequently result in a sharp increase in shipping traffic in Norway. Specifically, Northern Norway would become a focal point for port- and shipping-related activities. However, these opportunities can only be fully utilized if the various stakeholders involved are able to manage the challenges of the opening of the Arctic Ocean. Like opportunities, challenges also cover a range of spheres, including environmental pollution, ecological damage, and geopolitical risks associated with new resources and trade opportunities. With the help of literature review, case studies, and interviews, this study identifies opportunities and challenges related to the opening of the Arctic Ocean and discusses measures that could be taken to minimize the risks.

Opportunities and challenges of the opening of the Arctic Ocean for Norway

As an environmentally friendly transport mode, alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) largely address environmental concerns by reducing harmful gas emissions. However, research on the pricing and advertising strategies of AFVs, notably the optimal level of commitment to advertising by AFV retailers, is still largely overlooked. Therefore, this paper explores the pricing and advertising strategies of CV (conventional vehicle) and AFV retailers when considering different advertising formats, namely, informative and persuasive, within a competitive market. We compare the profits of the two competitive retailers to arrive at the optimal decisions, as well as the investment levels of advertising. In addition to the effectiveness of the two stated advertising strategies, we derive some practical and counterintuitive results where for instance, the optimal price of the AFV retailer is positively correlated with the utility of the two types of advertising. Additionally, investment advertising does not necessarily bring benefits to AFV retailers. This study offers both valuable theoretical and practical contributions to the pricing and marketing of AFVs. 

Impacts of advertising formation on adopting alternative fuel vehicles in a competitive market

This chapter provides the context of the book, including the research gaps and the approach to writing the book. Also, it provides a definition of maritime container security and introduces different chapters of the book.

The Criticality of Container Security

Over 80% of global trade is carried by sea, and 70% of global seaborne trade by value is realized by liner shipping. The global liner shipping network (GLSN) is essential to facilitating international trade. To explore the transportation mechanism of the GLSN, we study a structure termed “two-hop biconnected component”(TBCC) which is a type of highly robust and efficient connected local structure. We find that TBCC is a salient structural property of the GLSN and is strongly associated with international trade statuses. Ports that appear more frequently in TBCCs tend to gain higher container throughputs in reality and play more important roles in maintaining the overall network robustness. Furthermore, we find that countries belonging to the same TBCCs tend to have closer trading relationships and form meaningful multilateral trade clusters in the future. The discovery of TBCC can help better understand international trade statuses and enable better design of robust and efficient liner shipping service routes.

Adolf K.Y. Ng

Papers

The Issue of Deploying Technology

Opportunities and challenges of the opening of the Arctic Ocean for Norway

Impacts of advertising formation on adopting alternative fuel vehicles in a competitive market

The Criticality of Container Security

Two-Hop Biconnected Components in the Global Liner Shipping Network Reveal International Trade Statuses