The determination of glycogen in liver and muscle by use of anthrone reagent.

The biochemical basis of phagocytosis. I. Metabolic changes during the ingestion of particles by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Publisher Summary The determination of the total plankton biomass or biovolume is rapid compared with the enumeration and identification techniques. Many samples can be processed in parallel. These measurements are suitable for mixed samples as well as for samples of selected individual species. There is a wide variety of biovolume and biomass measurements. The effort involved in sample treatment increases within the conventional methods and is generally large in biochemical procedures. The methodological bias decreases stepwise: when the amount of excess and interstitial water is reduced by measuring displacement volume or wet mass instead of settled volume, when body fluids are totally removed during dry mass determination, and when the inorganic substances are subtracted. Volumetric methods are the only choice if the samples are to be used for species identification as well. Volumetric methods are also recommended as a quick-look procedure; that is, on board a ship, and in cases where no microbalance or other sophisticated equipment is available. There are two principles related to the volumetric methods: the direct volume estimation of settled plankton and the measurement of the amount of water displaced by the plankton. The first method is more gentle but less precise.

Biomass and abundance

Function of Carotenoids in Photosynthesis

An attempt has been made in the present investigation to determine the acute toxicity of hexavalent chromium and its toxicological effects on survival, physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters of the widely consumed Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. Short-term acute toxicity tests were performed adopting renewal bioassay technique (USEPA, 1975) over a period of 96 h, using different concentrations of potassium dichromate to the fish and the 96 h LC[50] value was found to be 111.45 mg/l (Cr(+6) as 39.40 mg/l). ANOVA results showed that the normal respiratory activity of the fish was significantly affected and there is a depression in the metabolic rate at the end of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h exposure. The metal also induced significant decrease (p<0.001) in the hematological parameters of the fish like total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin percent and absolute value Mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) both at the end of 24h and 96 h exposure indicating anemia. Appreciable decline in the biochemical profiles such as total glycogen, total lipids and total protein contents of the fish was also observed. However, the decrease in protein content was significant only at the end of 96 h. This study reflects the extent of the toxic effects of hexavalent chromium and the metal induced cumulative deleterious effects at various functional levels in the widely consumed freshwater fish, Labeo rohita.

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Acute Effects of Hexavalent Chromium on Survival, Oxygen Consumption, Hematological Parameters and Some Biochemical Profiles of the Indian Major Carp, Labeo rohita

A colorimetric micro-method for the determination of glycogen in tissues.

Free and fixed glycogen in rat muscle.

The influence of insulin on free and fixed glycogen in the diaphragm of the rat.

The influence of insulin and adrenaline on the incorporation of c14-labeled glucose into glycogen fractions of the isolated rat diaphragm.

1,2-Bisphosphoenolpyruvate (bis-PEP), a new intermediate of carbohydrate metabolism, accumulates in the incubation medium of rat diaphragms. The metabolic properties of this intermediate have been studied. Bis-PEP is determined after isolation, by its radioactivity and the total phosphorus content. The production is stimulated by insulin. The addition of adrenalin and monoiodoacetate to media containing insulin causes a further increase in concentration of bis-PEP in the medium. When incubating with glucose labeled in the first or the sixth carbon atom, the dilution of the isotope incorporated into bis-PEP is different. The use of 1-14C-glucose gives rise to the production of bis-PEP with low specific activity; this dilution is counteracted by the addition of monoiodoacetate to the medium. The addition of non-radioactivedl-glyceraldehyde to the medium causes a doubling of the total amount accumulated and an approximately equal increase in isotope dilution. The addition of inert hydroxypyruvate decreases the dilution factor without increasing the total amount.

Adrienne J. M. Kits Van Heijningen

Papers

A colorimetric micro-method for the determination of glycogen in tissues.

Free and fixed glycogen in rat muscle.

The influence of insulin on free and fixed glycogen in the diaphragm of the rat.

The influence of insulin and adrenaline on the incorporation of c14-labeled glucose into glycogen fractions of the isolated rat diaphragm.

Metabolic properties of 1,2-bisphosphoenolpyruvate.