The atlas compiled by these editors is a commendable effort and welcome addition to the mycology textbook sector. Up until now, the publication of medical mycology textbooks has been sparse and those that have been published are either too detailed for a resident in training or practicing physician or do not provide sufficient photographs or illustrations of the main features of the mycotic organisms. As a lecturer in mycology for the dermatology residents at my local teaching hospital and program, there are 3 key objectives of my mycology lectures: (1) to provide some type of organizational approach to mycotic organisms, (2) to provide a concise clinical history, and (3) to provide as many photographs and illustrations of mycotic organisms as possible. This atlas provides an exemplary addition to my book collection on medical mycology textbooks and sources for illustrations of mycotic organisms. The electron photomicrographs, photoplates, and line drawings of

Atlas of Clinical Fungi

 Bacteria are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, with concentrations of bacterial cells typically exceeding 1×104 m−3 over land Numerous studies have suggested that the presence of bacteria in the atmosphere may impact cloud development, atmospheric chemistry, and microbial biogeography A sound knowledge of bacterial concentrations and distributions in the atmosphere is needed to evaluate these claims This review focusses on published measurements of total and culturable bacteria concentrations in the atmospheric aerosol We discuss emission mechanisms and the impacts of meteorological conditions and measurement techniques on measured bacteria concentrations Based on the literature reviewed, we suggest representative values and ranges for the mean concentration in the near-surface air of nine natural ecosystems and three human-influenced land types We discuss the gaps in current knowledge of bacterial concentrations in air, including the lack of reliable, long-term measurements of the total microbial concentrations in many regions and the scarcity of emission flux measurements

/pdf/bacteria-in-the-global-atmosphere-part-1-review-and-2japsgbxzp.pdf

Bacteria in the global atmosphere – Part 1: Review and synthesis of literature data for different ecosystems

Damp indoor spaces and health , Damp indoor spaces and health , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز

Damp Indoor Spaces and Health

Studies of indoor bioaerosols conducted in Central and Eastern European countries, as a result of the scarcity of funding, mostly do not attain the level presented by similar studies in Northern America and Western Europe. For socio-economic reasons, most of the intense studies on indoor bioaerosols in Central and Eastern European countries were carried out in industrial facilities and have contributed significantly to occupational health science. In contrast, until recently, insufficient of studies have been conducted on bioaerosols of residential and communal premises (dwellings, offices, schools, etc.) and no network for monitoring the microbiological quality of air in such premises exists. In Poland, in the mid-1990s complex bioaerosol investigations were carried out by the Bioaerosol Group at the Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health in Sosnowiec. The concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi in dwellings without mold problems were between 88-4297 cfu/m(3) and 0-1997 cfu/m(3), while in moldy homes they were 178-4751 cfu/m(3) and 49-16,968 cfu/m(3), respectively. As many as 167 microbial species were isolated from the air of examined dwellings. Most frequently occurred Gram-positive cocci (Micrococcus/ Kocuria spp., Staphylococcus spp.), endospore-forming bacilli (Bacillus spp.), Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonadaceae, Aeromonas spp.), filamentous fungi (Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp.), and yeasts. Notable studies of indoor bioaerosols have also been performed in the other Central and Eastern European countries: Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria and Hungary, are reviewed in this article. The lack of reference limit values for bioaerosols seriously hinders interpretation of results obtained in various countries. The following residential limit values (RLV) for dwellings and communal premises are proposed for the concentration of airborne bacteria, fungi and bacterial endotoxin: 5 x 10(3) cfu/m(3), 5 x 10(3) cfu/m(3) and 5 ng/m(3) (50 EU), respectively. The proposed values of occupational exposure limit (OEL) for industrial settings contaminated by organic dust are 100 x (3) cfu/m(3), 50 x (3) cfu/m(3) and 200 ng/m(3) (2000 EU), respectively. It is also proposed that the presence in indoor air of microorganisms from risk groups 3 and 4 of European Community Directive 2000/54/EC (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis, Coxiella burnetii), independently of the concentration, should always be inadmissible and result in preventive actions.

http://www.aaem.pl/pdf-72765-25372?filename=Bacterial and fungal.pdf

Bacterial and fungal aerosols in indoor environment in Central and Eastern European countries.

Review of bioaerosols in indoor environment with special reference to sampling, analysis and control mechanisms

Bacterial and fungal aerosol in indoor environment in Upper Silesia, Poland

Airborne and dust borne microorganisms in selected Polish libraries and archives

The aim of the presented study was to assess the exposure of poultry workers to airborne microorganisms, endotoxins and β-glucans during different stages of the chicken production cycle in 3 commercially-operated poultry houses Personal and stationary sampling was carried out to assess exposure to both viable and total microbial aerosols The stationary measurements of PM10 were performed to establish the level of endotoxins and β-glucans The concentrations of bacterial and fungal aerosols ranged from 25×10(2) CFU/m(3)-29×10(6) CFU/m(3), and from 18×10(2) CFU/m(3)-18×10(5) CFU/m(3), respectively The number of culturable microorganisms was significantly lower than their total counts, constituting from 00004%-64% of the total microbial flora The level of PM10 in poultry facilities did not exceed 45 mg/m(3) After the flock entered the clean house, the level of endotoxins and β-glucans increased from below detection limit to 8,364 ng/m(3) and from 08 ng/m(3) to 6,886 ng/m(3), respectively The presented study shows that professional activities in poultry farms are associated with constant exposure to bioaerosol, which may pose a health hazard to workers It was found that workers' exposure to airborne microorganisms increased with consecutive stages of the chicken production cycle

/pdf/occupational-exposure-to-airborne-microorganisms-endotoxins-12d4hzi9t0.pdf

Occupational exposure to airborne microorganisms, endotoxins and β-glucans in poultry houses at different stages of the production cycle

The aim of this study was to characterize both the viable airborne bacteria and fungi collected in different types of wastewater treatment plants in Poland. Bacterial and fungal aerosols in five different wastewater treatment plants in Poland were studied, including the pioneering antibiotic resistance testing of airborne bacteria. Concentration level was measured using the six-stage Andersen impactor. After incubation, bioaerosol particles captured on nutrient media on Petri dishes were quantitatively evaluated and qualitatively identified. It was found that the concentration levels of both airborne bacteria and fungi ranged from 10² to 10³ colony-forming units/m³, in all stages of the wastewater treatment plants. The patterns of size distributions of airborne bacteria and fungi were very similar, showing dominant peaks typically in the size range between 3.3 and 4.7 μm. The majority fraction of small bacterial and fungal particles (less than 4.7 μm) in the studied areas indicates that the bioaerosol is relatively fresh, and mostly of local origin. The Gram-positive cocci and nonsporing Gram-positive rods were the dominating forms in the studied wastewater treatment plants environment. The existing differences in the concentration levels between sampling sites enabled identification of the main bioaerosol sources. The highest concentration of bacterial aerosol appeared in sections, where activated sludge post-processing and mechanical purifying are conducted. The most frequently occurring species in the sampled bacterial aerosol were Gram-positive cocci and nonsporing Gram-positive rods. Multi-antibiotic resistance testing showed that among the isolated airborne bacteria, the most antibiotic-resistant features were present among Bacillus species (especially Bacillus mycoides).

/pdf/characteristics-of-airborne-bacteria-and-fungi-in-some-1u6stzqqk4.pdf

Characteristics of airborne bacteria and fungi in some Polish wastewater treatment plants

The concentration levels of airborne bacteria were measured in clinical/hospital rooms in Upper Silesia, Poland, in buildings of varying conditions. It was found that the typical level of bacterial aerosol concentration is about 10 3 CFUm -3 in clinical outpatient rooms and ranges from 10 2 CFUm -3 to 10 3 CFUm -3 in hospitals, depending on the number of occupants and physical quality of the building. The increased level of the airborne bacteria in patient rooms resulting from bed-making was noticed. The Staphylococcus/Micrococcus group was a dominating part of the bacteria in studied hospitals/clinic air, contributing together 58-78% of the total bacteria concentration, confirming that detected airborne bacteria mainly originated from human organisms. The size distributions of bacterial aerosol in naturally ventilated rooms have peaks in the size range between 1.1 and 3.3 μm while in the mechanically ventilated hospital rooms with HVAC the peak appears in the diameter range from 3.3 μm to 4.7 μm.

Agnieszka Wlazło

Papers

Bacterial and fungal aerosol in indoor environment in Upper Silesia, Poland

Airborne and dust borne microorganisms in selected Polish libraries and archives

Occupational exposure to airborne microorganisms, endotoxins and β-glucans in poultry houses at different stages of the production cycle

Characteristics of airborne bacteria and fungi in some Polish wastewater treatment plants

Bacterial aerosol in Silesian hospitals: preliminary results