We show that the Raman scattering technique can give complete structural information for one-dimensional systems, such as carbon nanotubes. Resonant confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy of an (n,m) individual single-wall nanotube makes it possible to assign its chirality uniquely by measuring one radial breathing mode frequency omega(RBM) and using the theory of resonant transitions. A unique chirality assignment can be made for both metallic and semiconducting nanotubes of diameter d(t), using the parameters gamma(0) = 2.9 eV and omega(RBM) = 248/d(t). For example, the strong RBM intensity observed at 156 cm(-1) for 785 nm laser excitation is assigned to the (13,10) metallic chiral nanotube on a Si/SiO2 surface.

Structural (n,m) determination of isolated single wall carbon nanotubes by resonant Raman scattering

Raman spectroscopy is one of the most extensively employed methods for the characterization of carbon nanotubes. In this review article, an overview about Raman spectroscopy as a tool for the characterization of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is given. First, the relevant Raman modes in SWCNTs are introduced. Then, in a phenomenological approach, the effects that are observed for the individual modes in the Raman spectra are compiled and discussed. It is shown that special care has to be taken in order to separate the effects of functionalization, which are specific to a subset of the SWCNTs (metallic/semiconducting or diameter dependent), from changes in sample morphology or doping effects. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Raman spectroscopy of covalently functionalized single‐wall carbon nanotubes

Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning

Information systems strategic alignment---the fit between business strategic orientation and information systems (IS) strategic orientation---is an important concept. This study measured business strategic orientation, IS strategic orientation, and IS strategic alignment, and investigated their implications for perceived IS effectiveness and business performance. Analyses of data gathered in a mail survey of North American financial services and manufacturing firms indicated that 1) business strategic orientation, IS strategic orientation, and IS strategic alignment are modeled best by utilizing holistic, ‘systems’ approaches instead of dimension-specific, ‘bivariate’ approaches, 2) three generic IS strategic orientations can be detected, 3) user information satisfaction does not capture important strategic aspects of IS effectiveness, 4) IS strategic alignment is a better predictor of IS effectiveness than is strategic orientation, and 5) business strategic orientation, IS strategic alignment, and IS effectiveness have positive impacts on business performance.

Business strategic orientation, information systems strategic orientation, and strategic alignment : working paper

This article reviews recent advances on the use of Raman spectroscopy to study and characterize carbon nanostructures. It starts with a brief survey of Raman spectroscopy of graphene and carbon nanotubes, followed by recent developments in the field. Various novel topics, including Stokes–anti-Stokes correlation, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in two dimensions, phonon coherence, and high-pressure and shielding effects, are presented. Some consequences for other fields—quantum optics, near-field electromagnetism, archeology, materials and soil sciences—are discussed. The review ends with a discussion of new perspectives on Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanostructures, including how this technique can contribute to the development of biotechnological applications and nanotoxicology.

Raman Studies of Carbon Nanostructures

Measurements that capture performance have long enabled businesses to monitor and improve their strategic and operational goals. For eCommerce websites, there has been a limited understanding of how to measure performance even though it has been researched in many ways and in various contexts over the past decade. The authors of this study adopted an owner perspective to develop and empirically test a model of website performance measurement. The results suggest that performance is a second order factor model. The first order factors of the model are usage, financial benefits and owner satisfaction. The model is useful as a tool for benchmarking the performance of the website as well as a foundation for operationalising performance.

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Measuring the Performance of eCommerce Websites – An Owner’s Perspective

We have studied single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) at high pressure using Raman spectroscopy, in a variety of common solvents as hydrostatic pressure-transmitting media. We find that the response of the Raman G-band to high pressure varies significantly with choice of solvent. In particular, with hexane we observe a new irreversible effect - a flat Raman response to 0.7 GPa. We draw tentative conclusions from this work - that the solvents used can penetrate the interstitial spaces between nanotubes in a bundle and, following the approach of Amer et al. [I], that absorption of the pressure-transmitting media plays a role in the response of the SWNTs to high pressure.

Raman spectroscopy of single‐walled carbon nanotubes at high pressure: Effect of interactions between the nanotubes and pressure transmitting media

Raman studies of nanotubes under pressure have been a lively area of research. However, the results are not always as expected and at times have not been adequately explained. One example of the diversity of the results is the higher energy Raman mode (the graphitic mode, GM) shift to higher wavenumber under pressure. Here we report a new high-pressure Raman study showing that the effects of the variation in the tube diameters and the pressure transmitting medium are both crucial for understanding the outcomes of such high-pressure experiments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Raman G‐mode of single‐wall carbon nanotube bundles under pressure

Purpose of study: The study aimed at establishing the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on project delivery in the UAE with a significant focus on the construction industry. The study also sought to determine some of the negative implications of COVID-19 for the construction industry.
Methodology: The within-subjects research design was employed in the study. Purposive and simple random sampling was used in the selection of the respondents. A total of 116 project managers in the construction industry were sampled for the study. Data was collecting using self-administered online questionnaires. The SPSS software was applied to analyze the collected data using the paired samples t-test analysis method to compare the means of the projected number of days taken to complete a project before and during the COVID-19 period.
Main Findings: The study findings revealed that there is a statistically significant effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of days taken to complete projects in the construction industry in the UAE. The findings of the study revealed that the pandemic resulted in a lack of access to raw materials and labor, thereby leading to a delay in the completion of projects.
Application of the study: The revelation of the implications would inform the policy and decision-makers in the country to devise effective ways of addressing the challenges for the stability of the sector. The researcher recommends the same study to be replicated in other areas to identify the effects the pandemic has had on other industries. Another study should also be conducted on the effective strategies that should be adopted to address the effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the construction industry in the UAE.
Novelty/originality of the study: This is contemporary studies that deal with a current issue. The study concluded that the construction industry became a victim of COVID-19 to the extent that it has brought its projects to a halt and significantly eroded the market of its beneficiaries. Unlike other industries, construction projects cannot accommodate distance working but facing challenges making on-time delivery impossible and therefore construction industry is at risk.

/pdf/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-project-delivery-a-perspective-1l0f3h26gw.pdf

The impact of covid-19 on project delivery: a perspective from the construction sector in the united arab emirates

Considering carbon nanotubes as a rolled-up graphene sheet, the basic properties of the Raman scattering of nanotubes can be predicted from the Raman of graphite. We expect increased pressure coefficients if the nanotubes are impermeable to the pressure medium and the same as graphite if they are filled; also if they collapse at high pressures. The literature is reviewed to see how well these predictions are borne out in practice. New experiments are reported, which confirm the crucial effects of the nature of the pressure-transmitting medium (solvent), which is unexpected, and the resonances with the Raman excitation energy (expected). Key open questions include the mechanism of the solvent effect and the influence of bundling.

Ahmad Ghandour

Papers

Measuring the Performance of eCommerce Websites – An Owner’s Perspective

Raman spectroscopy of single‐walled carbon nanotubes at high pressure: Effect of interactions between the nanotubes and pressure transmitting media

Raman G‐mode of single‐wall carbon nanotube bundles under pressure

The impact of covid-19 on project delivery: a perspective from the construction sector in the united arab emirates

High-pressure studies of carbon nanotubes