We show that the Raman scattering technique can give complete structural information for one-dimensional systems, such as carbon nanotubes. Resonant confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy of an (n,m) individual single-wall nanotube makes it possible to assign its chirality uniquely by measuring one radial breathing mode frequency omega(RBM) and using the theory of resonant transitions. A unique chirality assignment can be made for both metallic and semiconducting nanotubes of diameter d(t), using the parameters gamma(0) = 2.9 eV and omega(RBM) = 248/d(t). For example, the strong RBM intensity observed at 156 cm(-1) for 785 nm laser excitation is assigned to the (13,10) metallic chiral nanotube on a Si/SiO2 surface.

Structural (n,m) determination of isolated single wall carbon nanotubes by resonant Raman scattering

Raman spectroscopy is one of the most extensively employed methods for the characterization of carbon nanotubes. In this review article, an overview about Raman spectroscopy as a tool for the characterization of functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is given. First, the relevant Raman modes in SWCNTs are introduced. Then, in a phenomenological approach, the effects that are observed for the individual modes in the Raman spectra are compiled and discussed. It is shown that special care has to be taken in order to separate the effects of functionalization, which are specific to a subset of the SWCNTs (metallic/semiconducting or diameter dependent), from changes in sample morphology or doping effects. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Raman spectroscopy of covalently functionalized single‐wall carbon nanotubes

Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning

Information systems strategic alignment---the fit between business strategic orientation and information systems (IS) strategic orientation---is an important concept. This study measured business strategic orientation, IS strategic orientation, and IS strategic alignment, and investigated their implications for perceived IS effectiveness and business performance. Analyses of data gathered in a mail survey of North American financial services and manufacturing firms indicated that 1) business strategic orientation, IS strategic orientation, and IS strategic alignment are modeled best by utilizing holistic, ‘systems’ approaches instead of dimension-specific, ‘bivariate’ approaches, 2) three generic IS strategic orientations can be detected, 3) user information satisfaction does not capture important strategic aspects of IS effectiveness, 4) IS strategic alignment is a better predictor of IS effectiveness than is strategic orientation, and 5) business strategic orientation, IS strategic alignment, and IS effectiveness have positive impacts on business performance.

Business strategic orientation, information systems strategic orientation, and strategic alignment : working paper

This article reviews recent advances on the use of Raman spectroscopy to study and characterize carbon nanostructures. It starts with a brief survey of Raman spectroscopy of graphene and carbon nanotubes, followed by recent developments in the field. Various novel topics, including Stokes–anti-Stokes correlation, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in two dimensions, phonon coherence, and high-pressure and shielding effects, are presented. Some consequences for other fields—quantum optics, near-field electromagnetism, archeology, materials and soil sciences—are discussed. The review ends with a discussion of new perspectives on Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanostructures, including how this technique can contribute to the development of biotechnological applications and nanotoxicology.

Raman Studies of Carbon Nanostructures

we have performed high pressure Raman experiments on closed-ended single wall carbon nanotubes using two different excitation wavelengths: 632.8 nm and 514 nm. We found that the shape of the G-mode spectrum changes while changing the excitation wavelength at lower pressures, while it becomes similar at 3.5 GPa. In addition we record that the value of the transition pressure, associated with the structural transitions in the tubes, has also changed with changing the excitation wavelength even though we are examining tubes from the same produced sample. We attribute these results to the tubes having different electronic nature (metallic; semiconducting) and different diameters in resonance with each excitation wavelength.

G-mode behaviour of closed ended single wall carbon nanotubes under pressure

Online businesses are often engaged in web metrics to gauge the performance of their eCommerce website. This study examines the relationships between web metrics and the financial performance. The key purpose of the present paper is to learn whether metrics measures have an impact on profitability in eCommerce website. An online survey was used to gather data from companies that have eCommerce website. The results from this study indicate that companies with perceived successful financial performance have also enjoyed perceived success in the customer behaviour on their website. Furthermore, the study explores the role of five contingency variables,the markets it operates in, the effort of the company to make the website visible, the involvement of the owners, the percentage of the online business and the age of the website, on this relationship. The results indicate that these variables moderate the relationship between metrics measures and the performance of the website so that a positive association occurs under older website, higher percentage of online, and higher level of owner’s involvement with the website. The findings prompt the owners to carefully monitor their website traffic for a possible downturn and remedy the situation prior to its occurrence.

https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10523/1922/THE%20RELATIONSHIP%20BETWEEN%20WEBSITE%20METRICS%20AND%20THE%20FINANCIAL%20PERFOR.pdf?sequence=1

The relationship between website metrics and the financial performance of online businesses

We use 488 and 568 nm laser Raman spectroscopy under high pressure to selectively follow evolution of Raman G-mode signals of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) of selected diameters and chiralities ((6, 5) and (6, 4)). The G-mode pressure coefficients of tubes from our previous work are consistent with the thick-wall tube model. Here we report the observation of well-resolved G-minus peaks in the Raman spectrum of SWCNTs in a diamond-anvil cell. The pressure coefficients of these identified tubes in water, however, are unexpected, having the high value of over 9 cm−1 GPa−1 for the G-plus and the G-minus, and surprisingly the shift rates of the same tubes in hexane have clearly lower values. We also report an abrupt increase of G-minus peak width at about 4 GPa superposed on a continuous peak broadening with pressure.

Resonance Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes: Pressure effects on G-mode

The ethical issues in business management have always been co-existing, but their type and quantum have been changed in the present digital world. The globalisation and digitisation of business have not only altered the ethical issues but also their gravity, as evidenced by the widening of problems and complaints. In the 21st century, business management is becoming more complex while a multitude of ethical issues appears simultaneously. Thus, an in-depth understanding of ethical problems and identification of mitigating options is required, for which these review efforts have been undertaken. Highly relevant research studies were selected from the literature and presented in a critique style, elaborating both sides of the picture. Significant findings were documented logically with consequent conclusions.

Ethical issues in modern business management

This study examines the key aspects that explain a business continuity plan (BCP) as perceived by professionals. I have initiated a discussion at LinkedIn group “Business Continuity Management & Risk” in which 37 participants gave 58 comments. The discussion was initiated in order to identify shared and common expressions of collective experience among the business continuity (BC) professionals with regards to BCP. A cluster analysis based on the Euclidean distance between the most frequent words in the participants’ text corpus (6,555), revealed that a BCP has two aspects: being prepared and planning. While the “planning” aspect revealed two clusters interpreted as the process and the exercise of the plan respectively, the “prepared” aspect of the plan is a single cluster interpreted as the planning effectiveness. The study concludes with the findings.

/pdf/identifying-dimensions-of-business-continuity-plan-from-2y9h4uro5g.pdf

Ahmad Ghandour

Papers

G-mode behaviour of closed ended single wall carbon nanotubes under pressure

The relationship between website metrics and the financial performance of online businesses

Resonance Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes: Pressure effects on G-mode

Ethical issues in modern business management

Identifying Dimensions of Business Continuity Plan from Common Expressions among Business Continuity Professionals