The increasing popularity of the internet means that digital multimedia are transmitted more rapidly and easily. And people are very aware for media ownership. However, digital watermarking is an efficient and promising means to protect intellectual properties. Based on the intellectual property attention in the information era, how to protect the personal ownership is extremely important and a necessary scheme. In this paper, we propose an effective video watermarking method based on a pseudo-3-D discrete cosine transform (DCT) and quantization index modulation (QIM) against several attacks. The watermark is mainly inserted into the uncompressed domain by adjusting the correlation between DCT coefficients of the selected blocks, and the watermark extraction is blind. This approach consists of a pseudo-3-D DCT, watermark embedding, and extraction. A pseudo-3-D DCT, which is taken DCT transformation twice, will be first utilized to calculate the embedding factor and to obtain the useful messages. Using the QIM, we embed the watermark into the quantization regions from the successive raw frames in the uncompressed domain and record the relative information to create a secret embedding key. This secret embedding key will further apply to extraction. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can survive filtering, compressions, luminance change, and noise attacks with a good invisibility and robustness.

A Video Watermarking Technique Based on Pseudo-3-D DCT and Quantization Index Modulation

A novel blind color images watermarking based on SVD

Blind watermarking targets the challenging recovery of the watermark when the host is not available during the detection stage. This paper proposes Discrete Shearlet Transform (DST) as a new embedding domain for blind image watermarking. Our novel DST blind watermark detection system uses a nonadditive scheme based on the statistical decision theory. It first computes the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the DST coefficients modeled as a Laplacian distribution. The resulting likelihood ratio is compared with a decision threshold calculated using Neyman–Pearson criterion to minimize the missed detection subject to a fixed false alarm probability. Our method is evaluated in terms of imperceptibility, robustness, and payload against different attacks (Gaussian noise, blurring, cropping, compression, and rotation) using 30 standard grayscale images covering different characteristics (smooth, more complex with a lot of edges, and high detail textured regions). The proposed method shows greater windowing flexibility with more sensitive to directional and anisotropic features when compared against discrete wavelet and contourlets.

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Blind Image Watermark Detection Algorithm Based on Discrete Shearlet Transform Using Statistical Decision Theory

The rapid development of big data and cloud computing technologies greatly accelerate the spreading and utilization of images and videos. The copyright protection for images and videos is becoming increasingly serious. In this paper, we proposed the robust non-blind watermarking schemes in YCbCr color space based on channel coding. The source watermark image is encoded and singular value decomposed. Subsequently, the singular value matrixes are embedded into the Y, Cb, and Cr components of the host image after four-level discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The embedding factor for each component is calculated based on the just-noticeable distortion and the singular vectors of HL subband of DWT. The peak signal-to-noise ratio of the watermarked image and the normalized correlation coefficient of the extracted watermark are investigated. It is shown that the proposed channel coding-based schemes can achieve near exact watermark recovery against all kinds of attacks. Considering both robustness and transparency, the convolutional code-based additive embedding scheme is optimal, which can also achieve good performance for video watermarking after extension.

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A Robust Watermarking Scheme in YCbCr Color Space Based on Channel Coding

A blind dual color images watermarking based on singular value decomposition

This paper deals with a new blind robust watermarking technique for embedding two watermarks into a host image. The technique is based on embedding watermark information in sixteen low-frequency band coefficients of the DCT sub-blocks. The embedding process is based on changing the selected DCT-coefficients of the host image to odd or even values depending on the binary watermark's bit value. The proposed blind watermarking embedding has shown to be strongly robust against several attacks.

A New Blind Image Watermarking Technique for Dual Watermarks Using Low-Frequency Band DCT Coefficients

This paper deals with a fragile watermarking technique for the authentication of medical images. Medical images are stored in archiving and communication systems that are accessed by the radiologists for diagnosis. The proposed method insure the integrity of the medical image data that is being transferred over public network. Any modification to the watermarked image can be detected using the proposed watermarking method. A unique 14 decimal digits number (signature) representing patient's entry date and file ID embedded inside the patient's medical image in an imperceptible way without increasing the data size that need to be transferred. This signature can be extracted at the radiologist viewer work stations and used for the authentication while the modified data is restored back to original if the image found to be authentic. This kind of erasable embedding process would ensure medical image retrieval without any modification to the image data after the authentication process. The proposed frequency domain watermarking method go along with the unique need of medical images for diagnosis.

A fragile invertible watermarking technique for the authentication of medical images

This paper presents an adaptive algorithm for digital watermarking of still colour images. The watermark is embedded in the DCT coefficients of the green channel of the RGB colour image. The algorithm takes into account the perceptual capacity of each coefficient inside the DCT blocks before embedding the watermark information. Therefore, the first 16 low frequency coefficients (excluding the DC value) in the 8×8 DCT block was screened and the eight coefficients with the maximum magnitudes were selected for embedding. The algorithm used is blind and does not require the original image for extracting the watermark. The peak signal to noise ratios (PSNR) is around 60dB. The watermarking method is shown to be robust against JPEG compression, additive noise, cropping, scaling, low-pass and median filtering.

A frequency domain adaptive watermarking algorithm for still colour images

This paper presents a new copyright protection technique using colour watermarks. The watermark is a RGB colour image where each pixel is represented by 24 bits. The RGB colour watermark is first preprocessed by converting it into binary sequence. The preprocessed colour watermark (binary image) is embedded multi-times into the green channel of the RGB host image by modifying the very low frequency coefficients of the DCT transformation. The new technique can resist classical attacks such as JPEG compression, low pass filtering, median filtering, cropping, and scaling attacks. Moreover, the recovery method is blind since it does not need the original host image for extraction. The proposed method implemented using a graphical user interface (GUI) to open, select, attack, evaluate and display the results of both the host image and colour watermark image. The implemented GUI is much easier for the end users to learn more than the traditional algorithms that need commands to be know and memorized.

A graphical user interface watermarking technique for the copyright protection of colour images using colour watermarks

The increasing number of speeding related car accidents call for stricter measures to be taken Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) presents the best ability to identify objects in a certain range A system was created to approximate the speed of a vehicle travelling between two RFID readers RFID readers will be placed at known, predetermined distances from each other The passing vehicle carrying an RFID tag will broadcast its unique number to the reader which will log the exact time this vehicle has passed By measuring the time the vehicle needed to pass two consecutive readers, the average speed can be calculated Mean value theorem says that the vehicle's speed must be at some point equal to the average speed calculated Speeding ticket can be issued immediately if the calculated speed exceeds the speed limit This technique provides advantages such as, low cost, easy integration, and accurate speed measurement

Ahmed Al-Gindy

Papers

A New Blind Image Watermarking Technique for Dual Watermarks Using Low-Frequency Band DCT Coefficients

A fragile invertible watermarking technique for the authentication of medical images

A frequency domain adaptive watermarking algorithm for still colour images

A graphical user interface watermarking technique for the copyright protection of colour images using colour watermarks

RFID Speed Monitoring System