‘Polyaniline’: Protonic acid doping of the emeraldine form to the metallic regime

Electrochemical energy storage systems (batteries) have a tremendous role in technical applications In this review the authors examine the prospects of electroactive polymers in view of the properties required for such batteries Conducting organic polymers are considered here in the light of their rugged chemical environment: organic solvents, acids, and alkalis The goal of the present article is to provide, first of all in tabular form, a survey of electroactive polymers in view of potential applications in rechargeable batteries It reviews the preparative methods and the electrochemical performance of polymers as rechargeable battery electrodes The theoretical values of specific charge of the polymers are comparable to those of metal oxide electrodes, but are not as high as those of most of the metal electrodes normally used in batteries Therefore, it is an advantage in conventional battery designs to use the conducting polymer as a positive electrode material in combination with a negative electrode such as Li, Na, Mg, Zn, MeH{sub x}, etc 504 refs

Electrochemically Active Polymers for Rechargeable Batteries.

This Review summarizes the advancements in Pd-catalyzed C(sp3)–H activation via various redox manifolds, including Pd(0)/Pd(II), Pd(II)/Pd(IV), and Pd(II)/Pd(0). While few examples have been reported in the activation of alkane C–H bonds, many C(sp3)–H activation/C–C and C–heteroatom bond forming reactions have been developed by the use of directing group strategies to control regioselectivity and build structural patterns for synthetic chemistry. A number of mono- and bidentate ligands have also proven to be effective for accelerating C(sp3)–H activation directed by weakly coordinating auxiliaries, which provides great opportunities to control reactivity and selectivity (including enantioselectivity) in Pd-catalyzed C–H functionalization reactions.

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Palladium-Catalyzed Transformations of Alkyl C-H Bonds.

Polyaniline: a new concept in conducting polymers

One {open_quotes}Holy Grail{close_quotes} of C-H activation research, therefore, is not simply to find new C-H activation reactions but to obtain an understanding of them that will allow the development of reagents capable of selective transformations of C-H bonds into more reactive functionalized molecules. Although a few interesting organic and main group reagents have been discovered that show intriguing potential for meeting this goal, much of the activity in this field has been in transition metal chemistry. The present Account therefore reflects this emphasis. 109 refs., 3 figs.

Selective Intermolecular Carbon-Hydrogen Bond Activation by Synthetic Metal Complexes in Homogeneous Solution

The characteristics of electrochemically produced polyaniline as the active material of secondary batteries were studied in aqueous electrolytes. The cell of the type, , has the maximum capacity of 108 Ah/kg and the energy density of 111 Wh/kg. The coulombic efficiency was close to 100% over at least 2000 complete cycles when cycled between 1.35V and 0.75V at a constant current of 1 mA cm−2. The cell, where polyaniline was used as the anode, also showed excellent recyclability. The effect of oxygen and of the exposure to high anodic potential to the characteristics of polyaniline electrodes was also studied.

Performance Study of Aqueous Polyaniline Batteries

ECD materials for the three primary colors developed by polyanilines

Basic behaviors and properties of polyaniline(PA) deposited anodically on platinum electrodes have been studied on the following points. 1) Effect of the mode of electrolysis and supporting electrolytes in the film forming process. 2) Characteristics of charging-discharging processes. 3) Electric conductivity and elemental composition of PA. The different modes of electrolysis do not affect the characteristics of the PA electrode obtained. The growth rate of PA film is 2.7–2.8 times faster in sulfuric acid than in perchloric, nitric or hydrochloric acid. It is indicated that there are two types of doping; one is associated with the acid-base equilibrium between amino or imino group in the film and proton in the solution and the other is associated with the excess charge in the film produced by anodic oxidation. The electric conductivity of PA markedly decreases by the immersion in alkali solutions. The release of doped anion from PA by treating with an alkali solution is confirmed by the elemental analysi...

Basic behaviors and properties of the electrodeposited polyaniline.

https://ir.lib.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/files/public/2/20332/20141016134953554203/SyntheticMetals_121-1_1301.pdf

Akira Kitani

Papers

Performance Study of Aqueous Polyaniline Batteries

ECD materials for the three primary colors developed by polyanilines

Basic behaviors and properties of the electrodeposited polyaniline.

Electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol on platinum modified polyaniline electrodes

Effects of anions on electrochemical formation and overoxidation of polyaniline