Showing papers by "Alan D. Baddeley published in 2021"
TL;DR: Investigation of verbal WM indicates that individuals can prioritize valuable information in verbal WM even when rehearsal and executive resources are disrupted, though they do so by neglecting or abandoning other items in the sequence.
Abstract: Though there is substantial evidence that individuals can prioritize more valuable information in visual working memory (WM), little research has examined this in the verbal domain. Four experiments were conducted to investigate this and the conditions under which effects emerge. In each experiment, participants listened to digit sequences and then attempted to recall them in the correct order. At the start of each block, participants were either told that all items were of equal value, or that an item at a particular serial position was worth more points. Recall was enhanced for these higher value items (Experiment 1a), a finding that was replicated while rejecting an alternative account based on distinctiveness (Experiment 1b). Thus, valuable information can be prioritized in verbal WM. Two further experiments investigated whether these boosts remained when participants completed a simple concurrent task disrupting verbal rehearsal (Experiment 2), or a complex concurrent task disrupting verbal rehearsal and executive resources (Experiment 3). Under simple concurrent task conditions, prioritization boosts were observed, but with increased costs to the less valuable items. Prioritization effects were also observed under complex concurrent task conditions, although this was accompanied by chance-level performance at most of the less valuable positions. A substantial recency advantage was also observed for the final item in each sequence, across all conditions. Taken together, this indicates that individuals can prioritize valuable information in verbal WM even when rehearsal and executive resources are disrupted, though they do so by neglecting or abandoning other items in the sequence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Baddeley et al. found that the decelerated forgetting effect may result from the retrieval of probed features activating other associated features within that episode, hence facilitating their recall on subsequent tests.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Episodic Buffer model was proposed to combine information from multiple sources and make it accessible to conscious awareness for patients with amnesic disorders. But the model is not suitable for the task of long-term memory.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a broad functional approach is taken to the analysis of human memory, and the overall importance of episodic memory is illustrated by the devastating effect that loss of this aspect of memory has on the capacity to cope in the case of densely amnesic patients.
Abstract: A broad functional approach is taken to the analysis of human memory. The overall importance of episodic memory, the capacity to remember specific events, is illustrated by the devastating effect that loss of this aspect of memory has on the capacity to cope in the case of densely amnesic patients. Recent applied research has however focussed heavily on factors compromising the reliability of eyewitness testimony in the forensic field and on the creation of false memories. While acknowledging the progress made on this issue, it presents two dangers. The first is practical, the danger of generalising too readily from laboratory-influenced simulations that differ in important ways from the context to which they are applied. This suggests a need for fewer but more realistically representative studies. The second is a broad theoretical issue, that of extending the findings from this important but limited applied area, within which precise detail may be crucial, to the whole of memory, consequently failing to appreciate its many strengths.
3 citations
TL;DR: The Crimes and Four Doors Tests as mentioned in this paper were developed to assess rates of forgetting in groups of people with epilepsy and a matched control group by presenting easily memorised episodes or scenes, from which a different sample of features is tested at each delay by telephone.
2 citations