Showing papers by "Alan G. MacDiarmid published in 2004"
TL;DR: A review of electrochromic (EC) polymers and their applications in absorption/transmission, reflective, and patterned ECDs is presented in this article, where fundamental properties of EC materials such as optical contrast, coloration efficiency, switching speed, and stability are described along with the commonly used characterization methods.
Abstract: A review of electrochromic (EC) polymers and their applications in absorption/transmission, reflective, and patterned electrochromic devices (ECDs) is presented. Fundamental properties of EC materials such as optical contrast, coloration efficiency, switching speed, and stability are described along with the commonly used characterization methods. The origin of electrochromism in conjugated polymers is explained in terms of the electronic structure changes in the backbone upon doping/dedoping. The ability to tailor the EC properties of conjugated polymers and tune their color states via modification of the polymer structure is demonstrated. Multicolor electrochromic materials can be obtained by substitution of a parent polymer and controlled polymerization of comonomers and with blends and laminates of homopolymers. Absorption/transmission-type ECDs from complementarily colored polymers and reflective-type ECDs on metalized substrates are illustrated with several examples from the literature. Finally, sev...
732 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the polyaniline (PANI) bases can be classified in three distinct oxidation states: leucoemeraldine (LB), the totally reduced form, emeraldine (EB), the half oxidized form, and pernigraniline, the totally oxidised form.
205 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the formation of PANi/PMMA coaxial fibers with a diameter of approximately 290 nm and a PANi layer thickness of approximately 30 nm was investigated. And the polymer molecular weight, solution concentration, solvent dielectric constant and addition of soluble organic salts were strongly correlated to the morphology of the electrospun fiber mat.
Abstract: Electrically conductive polyaniline (PANi)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) coaxial fibers were prepared through the chemical deposition of PANi onto preformed PMMA fibers via in situ polymerization. PMMA fibers were prepared as core materials via electrospinning. Spectral studies and scanning electron microscopy observations indicated the formation of PANi/PMMA coaxial fibers with a diameter of approximately 290 nm and a PANi layer thickness of approximately 30 nm. The conductivity of the PANi/PMMA coaxial fibers was significantly higher than that of electrospun fibers of PANi/poly(ethylene oxide) blends and blend cast films of the same PANi composition. To reproducibly generate uniform-core polymer fibers, the organic solution properties that affected the morphology and diameter of the electrospun fibers were investigated. The polymer molecular weight, solution concentration, solvent dielectric constant, and addition of soluble organic salts were strongly correlated to the morphology of the electrospun fiber mat. In particular, the dielectric constants of the solvents substantially influenced both the fiber diameter and bead formation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 3934–3942, 2004
101 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the optical reflectance of polyacetylene doped with high concentrations of potassium has been measured, and the optical properties estimated by Kramers-Kronig analysis.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of deposition parameters on the structural organization of vacuum sublimated [4-(phenylamino) phenyl]-1,4-benzenediamine was elaborated by changing deposition parameters.
10 citations