Alan Waterworth

TL;DR: Feedback from questionnaires completed by orthopaedic surgeons indicates that the SKATS system has face validity for its remit of basic arthroscopic training, and validation results obtained when passive haptic feedback is provided indicate that SKATS has construct, predictive and face va lidity for navigation and triangulation training.

TL;DR: The Sheffield Knee Arthroscopy Training System (SKATS) as discussed by the authors uses passive haptic feedback (resistance provided by physical structures) for navigation and triangulation training.

TL;DR: In the first experiment described, the effect of tactile augmentation on performance is considered by comparing novice performance using the original and mixed reality system, and the results are discussed in terms of the validity of a mixed reality environment for training knee arthroscopy.

TL;DR: Experimental work demonstrates that a single physical surface can be made to ‘feel’ both softer and harder than it is in reality by the accompanying visual information presented, indicating haptic accuracy may not be essential for a realistic virtual experience.

TL;DR: To achieve synchronisation for complex transfer impedance measurement, two novel methods are suggested that uses optically isolated sinusoidal excitation using a phase locked loop (PLL) for synchronisation, direct-digital synthesis for sinewave generation and a digital signal processor (DSP) for analysis.