Experience and Educationis the best concise statement on education ever published by John Dewey, the man acknowledged to be the pre-eminent educational theorist of the twentieth century. Written more than two decades after Democracy and Education(Dewey's most comprehensive statement of his position in educational philosophy), this book demonstrates how Dewey reformulated his ideas as a result of his intervening experience with the progressive schools and in the light of the criticisms his theories had received. Analysing both "traditional" and "progressive" education, Dr. Dewey here insists that neither the old nor the new education is adequate and that each is miseducative because neither of them applies the principles of a carefully developed philosophy of experience. Many pages of this volume illustrate Dr. Dewey's ideas for a philosophy of experience and its relation to education. He particularly urges that all teachers and educators looking for a new movement in education should think in terms of the deeped and larger issues of education rather than in terms of some divisive "ism" about education, even such an "ism" as "progressivism." His philosophy, here expressed in its most essential, most readable form, predicates an American educational system that respects all sources of experience, on that offers a true learning situation that is both historical and social, both orderly and dynamic.

经验与教育 = Experience and education

Since the popularisation of the Internet in the 1990s, the cyberspace has kept evolving. We have created various computer-mediated virtual environments including social networks, video conferencing, virtual 3D worlds (e.g., VR Chat), augmented reality applications (e.g., Pokemon Go), and Non-Fungible Token Games (e.g., Upland). Such virtual environments, albeit non-perpetual and unconnected, have bought us various degrees of digital transformation. The term `metaverse' has been coined to further facilitate the digital transformation in every aspect of our physical lives. At the core of the metaverse stands the vision of an immersive Internet as a gigantic, unified, persistent, and shared realm. While the metaverse may seem futuristic, catalysed by emerging technologies such as Extended Reality, 5G, and Artificial Intelligence, the digital `big bang' of our cyberspace is not far away. This survey paper presents the first effort to offer a comprehensive framework that examines the latest metaverse development under the dimensions of state-of-the-art technologies and metaverse ecosystems, and illustrates the possibility of the digital `big bang'. First, technologies are the enablers that drive the transition from the current Internet to the metaverse. We thus examine eight enabling technologies rigorously - Extended Reality, User Interactivity (Human-Computer Interaction), Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Computer Vision, IoT and Robotics, Edge and Cloud computing, and Future Mobile Networks. In terms of applications, the metaverse ecosystem allows human users to live and play within a self-sustaining, persistent, and shared realm. Therefore, we discuss six user-centric factors -- Avatar, Content Creation, Virtual Economy, Social Acceptability, Security and Privacy, and Trust and Accountability. Finally, we propose a concrete research agenda for the development of the metaverse.

All One Needs to Know about Metaverse: A Complete Survey on Technological Singularity, Virtual Ecosystem, and Research Agenda

Identifying causal relationships is an important aspect of scientific inquiry. Causal relationships help us to infer, predict, and plan. This research investigates the causal relationships between two constructs, perceived enjoyment (PE) and perceived ease of use (PEOU), within the nomological net of user technology acceptance. PE has been theorized and empirically validated as either an antecedent or a consequence of PEOU. We believe that there are two reasons that account for this ambiguity the conceptual coupling of PE and PEOU and the limitations of covariance-based statistical methods. Accordingly, we approach this inconsistency by providing more theoretical reasoning and employing an alternative statistical method, namely Cohen’s path analysis. Specifically, as suggested by previous research on the difference between utilitarian and hedonic systems, we propose the conditional dominance of causal directions. Empirical results from two studies using different technologies and user samples support the theoretical claim that the PE∆PEOU causal direction outweighs the PEOU∆PE direction for utilitarian systems. There are both theoretical and the methodical contributions of this research. The approach applied in this research can be generalized to study causal relationships between conceptually coupled variables, which otherwise may be overlooked by confirmatory methods. We encourage researchers to pay attention to causal directions in addition to causal connectedness.

Causal Relationships Between Perceived Enjoyment and Perceived Ease of Use: An Alternative Approach

Virtual teams (i.e., geographically distributed collaborations that rely on technology to communicate and cooperate) are central to maintaining our increasingly globalized social and economic infrastructure. “Global Virtual Teams” that include members from around the world are the most extreme example and are growing in prevalence (Scott and Wildman in Culture, communication, and conflict: a review of the global virtual team literature, Springer, New York, 2015). There has been a multitude of studies examining the difficulties faced by collaborations and use of technology in various narrow contexts. However, there has been little work in examining the challenges faced by virtual teams and their use of technology to mitigate issues. To address this issue, a literature review was performed to highlight the collaboration challenges experienced by virtual teams and existing mitigation strategies. In this review, a well-planned search strategy was utilized to identify a total of 255 relevant studies, primarily focusing on technology use. The physical factors relating to distance are tightly coupled with the cognitive, social, and emotional challenges faced by virtual teams. However, based on research topics in the selected studies, we separate challenges as belonging to five categories: geographical distance, temporal distance, perceived distance, the configuration of dispersed teams, and diversity of workers. In addition, findings from this literature review expose opportunities for research, such as resolving discrepancies regarding the effect of tightly coupled work on collaboration and the effect of temporal dispersion on coordination costs. Finally, we use these results to discuss opportunities and implications for designing groupware that better support collaborative tasks in virtual teams.

/pdf/challenges-and-barriers-in-virtual-teams-a-literature-review-39624e922j.pdf

Challenges and barriers in virtual teams: a literature review

Arguing to learn

Facilitated group collaboration is evolving into a new generation in Web 2.0 using new technology such as online group systems. Building trust is vital to group collaboration. Risk, benefit, utility value, power and interest are six factors that influence individual trust development. This paper further develops the Scale Balance Model based on the Individual Trust Development Model in order to investigate individual trust development in facilitated group collaboration. There is a two stage investigation using a survey from face-to-face student groups with Web based group system support. The model is used to analyse the individual trust development in the sample. The results of applying the improved model can help give feedback and advice for future collaboration research.

/pdf/individual-trust-development-in-computer-mediated-teamwork-39mo8oon1y.pdf

Individual trust development in computer mediated teamwork

© 2018 Association for Information Systems All rights reserved The standardization, interconnectivity and pervasiveness of information systems, combined with the increasing ability to collect and utilize data, enhance the value they offer a user These strengths however can also be turned into a weakness and vulnerability by ransomware (RW) RW can utilize the functionality of current systems both to infect them but also to increase the magnitude of the attack This research proposes a model of the impact of the RW attack on the user's trust, which in turn has an effect on their decision to pay the ransom or follow the guidance from the relevant institutions The model shows that the effectiveness of the attack, the trust in the competence of the attacker and ransomware demands that are reasonable and easy to fulfil, positively influence the intention to pay the ransom The initial institutional response, institutional trust and institutional solution influence the intention to follow the institutional guidance

The impact of extended global ransomware attacks on trust: How the attacker's competence and institutional trust influence the decision to pay

AI and data technologies are a catalyst for fundamental changes to insurance business models. The current upheaval is seeing some incumbent insurers trying to do the same more effectively, while others evolve to fully utilize the new capabilities and users these new technologies bring. At the same time, technologically advanced organizations from outside the sector are entering and disrupting it. Within this upheaval however, there are signs of a convergence towards an ideal and prevailing business model. This research identifies one exemplar incumbent and one disruptor and evaluates whether their models are converging and will become similar eventually. The findings support a high degree of convergence, but some differences are likely to remain even after this transitionary period. The differences identified are firstly in the evaluation of risk and secondly that traditional insurers prioritize revenue generation from what is their primary activity, while new entrants prioritize expanding their user base.

/pdf/evaluating-the-new-ai-and-data-driven-insurance-business-2x12q4z4i8.pdf

Evaluating the New AI and Data Driven Insurance Business Models for Incumbents and Disruptors: Is there Convergence?

Multichannel retail is now prevalent with retailers and consumers utilizing a number of channels in parallel or in some instances in an interconnected way. There is a degree of understanding on what each channel can offer but the Relative Advantage of each channel in relation to the others is less understood. This research evaluates the Relative Advantage between the three channels of three-dimensional Virtual Worlds, two-dimensional websites and offline retail stores. The consumer's preferences across the three channels were distinguished across six Relative Advantages. The three channels were then compared across the six Relative Advantages identified. Participants showed a preference for offline and 2D in most situations apart from enjoyment, entertainment, sociable shopping, the ability to reinvent yourself, convenience and institutional trust where the Virtual Worlds were preferred.

/pdf/the-six-relative-advantages-in-multichannel-retail-for-three-27j6b7ufpv.pdf

The Six Relative Advantages in Multichannel Retail for Three-Dimensional Virtual Worlds and Two-Dimensional Websites

© 2017 Proceedings of the 25th European Conference on Information Systems, ECIS 2017. All rights reserved. E-commerce adoption has been extensive but for some specialized areas it is still in the early stages. One such area is health-related websites where the sensitive issues around the consumer’s health extenuate the similar challenges faced in other areas of e-commerce. Disclosing personal information is necessary to fully utilize such health-related websites but consumer trust is required for this. This research proposes a model of the role of trust in personal information disclosure on health-related websites. This model identifies 10 factors grouped in three categories. The first category is dispositional factors including faith in humanity, trusting stance and privacy concern. the second category is situational factors including reputation and perceived risk. Lastly the third category is institutional factors including the perceived effectiveness of the privacy statement, third party certification, legal and regulation and security infrastructure. Low risk, reputation, effective privacy statement and privacy seals were found to facilitate trust. While institutional factors like the legal framework and regulation have an elevated role to keep the consumer safe in this context, lack of clarity on what they are leads to a weak perception of their value. Trust in the health-related website was found to positively influence the intention to disclose information.

Alex Zarifis

Papers

Individual trust development in computer mediated teamwork

The impact of extended global ransomware attacks on trust: How the attacker's competence and institutional trust influence the decision to pay

Evaluating the New AI and Data Driven Insurance Business Models for Incumbents and Disruptors: Is there Convergence?

The Six Relative Advantages in Multichannel Retail for Three-Dimensional Virtual Worlds and Two-Dimensional Websites

The role of trust in personal information disclosure on health-related websites