http://www.engineering.union.edu/~curreyj/BNG-345_files/Kutzner%20et%20al%20JBiomech%202010.pdf

Loading of the knee joint during activities of daily living measured in vivo in five subjects.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jor.22023

Grand Challenge Competition to Predict In Vivo Knee Loads

The loads acting in knee joints must be known for improving joint replacement, surgical procedures, physiotherapy, biomechanical computer simulations, and to advise patients with osteoarthritis or fractures about what activities to avoid. Such data would also allow verification of test standards for knee implants. This work analyzes data from 8 subjects with instrumented knee implants, which allowed measuring the contact forces and moments acting in the joint. The implants were powered inductively and the loads transmitted at radio frequency. The time courses of forces and moments during walking, stair climbing, and 6 more activities were averaged for subjects with I) average body weight and average load levels and II) high body weight and high load levels. During all investigated activities except jogging, the high force levels reached 3,372–4,218N. During slow jogging, they were up to 5,165N. The peak torque around the implant stem during walking was 10.5 Nm, which was higher than during all other activities including jogging. The transverse forces and the moments varied greatly between the subjects, especially during non-cyclic activities. The high load levels measured were mostly above those defined in the wear test ISO 14243. The loads defined in the ISO test standard should be adapted to the levels reported here. The new data will allow realistic investigations and improvements of joint replacement, surgical procedures for tendon repair, treatment of fractures, and others. Computer models of the load conditions in the lower extremities will become more realistic if the new data is used as a gold standard. However, due to the extreme individual variations of some load components, even the reported average load profiles can most likely not explain every failure of an implant or a surgical procedure.

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0155612&type=printable

Standardized Loads Acting in Hip Implants

https://nmbl.stanford.edu/publications/pdf/Steele2012.pdf

Compressive tibiofemoral force during crouch gait.

外反母趾の Biomechanical analysis-靴のヒール高との関連

ESB clinical biomechanics award 2008: Complete data of total knee replacement loading for level walking and stair climbing measured in vivo with a follow-up of 6–10 months

In vivo measurement of shoulder joint loads during activities of daily living

Background Malalignment after total knee replacement could cause overloading of the implant bearing as well as of the bone itself, leading to osteolysis and early loosening. To quantify the stresses the implant has to withstand and to define a safe zone of limb alignment, the total contact forces as well as their mediolateral distribution have to be determined. Analytical gait data and mathematical models have been used for this purpose. We performed this study to determine in vivo loads of five patients after implantation of an instrumented tibial baseplate. Methods Five patients with osteoarthritis of the knee received total knee replacement. The tibial component was instrumented with strain gauges for the measurement of three forces and three moments. The signals from the gauges were transferred telemetrically to an external receiver. At twelve months after surgery, postoperative measurements were obtained with the patients walking at a self-selected comfortable speed across a level walkway. Peak axial and medial forces of fifteen to twenty gait cycles were averaged and reported as a percent of individual body weight. Results During the stance phase of the gait cycle, two maxima of the axial force occurred. Typical values were 215% of body weight at the first peak and 266% of body weight at the second peak. The medial load share was typically 73% at the first axial force peak and 65% at the second axial force peak. Analysis of inter-individual variations revealed a linear correlation with limb alignment. A deviation of 1° varus from neutral alignment increased the medial load share by 5%. Conclusions Consistent with the results of previous studies, we found that the force transferred by the medial compartment was usually greater than that transferred by the lateral compartment. Concerning the design of total knee replacements, an asymmetric tibial component with a larger medial contact area could possibly reduce peak contact stress on the bone and improve fixation of the implant. Mediolateral load distribution was quantified and correlated with limb alignment, thereby permitting the effects of malalignment after total knee replacement to be estimated.

Alexander Beier

Papers

Loading of the knee joint during activities of daily living measured in vivo in five subjects.

ESB clinical biomechanics award 2008: Complete data of total knee replacement loading for level walking and stair climbing measured in vivo with a follow-up of 6–10 months

In vivo measurement of shoulder joint loads during activities of daily living

Influence of limb alignment on mediolateral loading in total knee replacement: in vivo measurements in five patients.

In vivo gleno-humeral joint loads during forward flexion and abduction.