다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) has been observed in a dilute gas of sodium atoms. A Bose-Einstein condensate consists of a macroscopic population of the ground state of the system, and is a coherent state of matter. In an ideal gas, this phase transition is purely quantum-statistical. The study of BEC in weakly interacting systems which can be controlled and observed with precision holds the promise of revealing new macroscopic quantum phenomena that can be understood from first principles.

Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of sodium atoms

Topological photonics is a rapidly emerging field of research in which geometrical and topological ideas are exploited to design and control the behavior of light. Drawing inspiration from the discovery of the quantum Hall effects and topological insulators in condensed matter, recent advances have shown how to engineer analogous effects also for photons, leading to remarkable phenomena such as the robust unidirectional propagation of light, which hold great promise for applications. Thanks to the flexibility and diversity of photonics systems, this field is also opening up new opportunities to realize exotic topological models and to probe and exploit topological effects in new ways. This article reviews experimental and theoretical developments in topological photonics across a wide range of experimental platforms, including photonic crystals, waveguides, metamaterials, cavities, optomechanics, silicon photonics, and circuit QED. A discussion of how changing the dimensionality and symmetries of photonics systems has allowed for the realization of different topological phases is offered, and progress in understanding the interplay of topology with non-Hermitian effects, such as dissipation, is reviewed. As an exciting perspective, topological photonics can be combined with optical nonlinearities, leading toward new collective phenomena and novel strongly correlated states of light, such as an analog of the fractional quantum Hall effect.

Topological Photonics

The term photonic crystals appears because of the analogy between electron waves in crystals and the light waves in artificial periodic dielectric structures. During the recent years the investigation of one-, two-and three-dimensional periodic structures has attracted a widespread attention of the world optics community because of great potentiality of such structures in advanced applied optical fields. The interest in periodic structures has been stimulated by the fast development of semiconductor technology that now allows the fabrication of artificial structures, whose period is comparable with the wavelength of light in the visible and infrared ranges.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/6354/16969/00781867.pdf

Photonic crystals

Transition metal dichalcogenides are a novel class of materials which seems almost ideal to study light-matter coupling in solid state. The high thermal stability and large oscillator strength of excitons in monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides make them ideal candidates for room temperature polaritonics. Recently, photoluminescence emission in the strong coupling regime was reported for a MoSe 2 monolayer at 4 K [1]. In this talk, we discuss light-matter coupling phenomena with various kind of atomic monolayers, including WSe 2 , WS 2 and MoSe 2 , which are embedded in dielectric-metal-based photonic structures. While strong coupling phenoma can be observed at cryogenic temperatures with MoSe 2 monolayers, the normal mode couping regime is accessible with WSe2 and WS2 monolayers at ambient conditions.

Tamm-plasmon exciton-polaritons with atomic monolayers

Exciton–Light Coupling in Quantum Wells in the Presence of Inhomogeneous Broadening

Optical pumping of excited exciton states in a semiconductor quantum well embedded in a microcavity is a tool for realisation of ultra-compact terahertz (THz) lasers based on stimulated optical transition between excited (2p) and ground (1s) exciton state We show that the probability of two-photon absorption by a 2p-exciton is strongly dependent on the polarisation of both pumping photons Five-fold variation of the threshold power for terahertz lasing by switching from circular to co-linear pumping is predicted We identify photon polarisation configurations for achieving maximum THz photon generation quantum efficiency

Alexey Kavokin

Papers

Tamm-plasmon exciton-polaritons with atomic monolayers

Exciton–Light Coupling in Quantum Wells in the Presence of Inhomogeneous Broadening

Polarised two-photon excitation of quantum well excitons for manipulation of optically pumped terahertz lasers

Papers submitted to the 16th International Conference on the Physics of Light-Matter Coupling in Nanostructures, PLMCN 2015 (Medellín, Colombia)

Γ–X Mixing in T- and V-Shaped Quantum Wires