Handbook Of Heat Transfer

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Fundamentals Of Fracture Mechanics

Technologies for the production of multilayered spherical bottoms and cylindrical shells of quasi-layered material and compaction of the multilayered wall of military equipment elements are developed. The need for these studies is associated with increasing survivability and eliminating fragmentation effects of multilayered structures on manpower and equipment that use pressure vessels (submarines, flamethrower vessels, elements of armored vehicles).Operating conditions for the most efficient use of structures made of layered structural materials are presented. Their advantages in operation and production are described. The highest efficiency is achieved with firm adhesion of structural layers or with the use of quasi-layered materials. The solution to this problem is possible using the energy of high explosives. It is experimentally found that explosive loading leads to an increase in toughness and ballistic resistance of treated materials. Analysis of various methods of multilayered wall compaction is carried out and the most effective technologies are proposed.As a result of the research, process parameters, requirements for process equipment are established.The importance of the presented studies is associated with increasing the fighting efficiency, survivability of military equipment and personnel

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A search for technologies implementing a high fighting efficiency of the multilayered elements of military equipment

IT is now quite usual to think of alloys as being solid solutions and to recognise that the atoms of solid metals are in active movement. That this must be the case, is revealed by the passage of metals to allotropic modifications in which the physical properties differ widely from those of the same metals in their normal state. It is well, therefore, that we should remember how much was done for us thirty years ago by Matthiessen in framing such views, and by Graham in showing that solid metals are true solvents for gases which move and diffuse freely in them, sometimes to reappear with gaseous elasticity.

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The Diffusion of Metals

The durability and operational reliability of electrical machines, electronic and electrical engineering products in almost all cases can be achieved by imparting special properties to the materials used. In addition, it is extremely important to choose the most rational, economical method of treating materials that provide a high operational reliability and quality of the produced parts. Among a large variety of physico-chemical nature of the impact on the material of a workpiece, the stamping methods have received very a intensive development in the field of influence on the structure and operational properties of the latter. The performance characteristics of the parts of electrical machines and electronic products from a thin-sheet material largely depend on the accuracy of punching and the size of the burr. In addition to the traditional technologies for cutting and punching in hard dies, and with the help of the elastic or liquid media the explosive forming is also used.The advantages of the explosion forming when performing the dividing operations are due to the absence of a gap between the deforming medium and the die. The use of the pulsed metalworking methods in the cutting operations of the sheet metal forming eliminates the nonflatness of parts during the cutting, the formation of burrs and sinkers, forms in terms of the use of the overlaid explosives, a fine and ultrafine-grained material structure. This increases the electrical resistance of steel, reduces the parasitic eddy current losses and the efficiency of the electrical heating elements

Improving The Operational Reliability Of Stamped Parts Of Electrical Engineering Machines And Electrical Products

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Study of kinematics of elastic-plastic deformation for hollow steel shapes used in energy absorption devices

In the present scientific work a thickness calculation procedure of an aluminum gas-thermal coating, sprayed on the low-alloyed steel surfaces, in order to provide its effective protection at high temperatures, has been developed. The method is based on the calculations of the diffusion layer thickness with consideration the temperature change on the blank`s surface and on the dependence of the parameter (directly proportional to the diffusion coefficient) on the temperature over the range 700 to 1200 °C.

Application of Gas-Thermal Coatings on Low-Alloyed Steel Surfaces

Studies on enhancing the service life of continuous casting moulds at their narrow walls of copper M1 before the last repair by means of a heat spraying wear-resistant layer of the chrome-nickel coating have been carried out. Preliminary, the coating`s structure, phase composition, skin hardness and microhardness of chromium-nickel coating were studied. It is established that to obtain the required cleanliness level of the wall surface by making use of their mechanical operation, it is necessary to conduct thickness of the chromium-nickel coating operations. 0.5 – 0.6 mm chrome-nickel thermal coating was applied to the surface of the wall of a thick-walled narrow pair crystallizer. The results indicate the high-quality coating acceptable for application to the working surface of narrow walls of thick-walled moulds.

Applying Thermal Coatings to Narrow Walls of the Continuous-Casting Molds

Tribotechnical Aspects of Wheel-Rail System Interaction

For open-pit locomotives, application of the existing equations for calculation of the temperature for main-line railway transport is inappropriate, since it doesn`t take into account the specific conditions of the open-pit mining, such as increased track gradients (up to 60%, in another words 60m per 1 km). Therefore we proposed to calculate the temperature in the contact zone at the wheel-rail interface according to the derived equation, which takes into account the track gradient of the open pit`s rail truck. The calculation results, which were made according developed computational technique, show satisfactory repeatability with the experimental results. As the result of theoretical and experimental investigations have been discovered, that the range of the ruling gradient of the transport incline affects on the temperature changes in the wheel-rail contact zone and characterized by temperature factor of the rail track gradient k tgr .The results of calculations, made according developed method, show satisfactory repeatability with the experimental results. The approximation error of the mining actual operating conditions factor K mc in the range from 25% to 45% is less than 5%.

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Alla A. Gerasimova

Papers

Study of kinematics of elastic-plastic deformation for hollow steel shapes used in energy absorption devices

Application of Gas-Thermal Coatings on Low-Alloyed Steel Surfaces

Applying Thermal Coatings to Narrow Walls of the Continuous-Casting Molds

Tribotechnical Aspects of Wheel-Rail System Interaction

Influence of the track gradient on the contact temperature at the wheel-rail zone for open-pit locomotives