Allan J. Baker

TL;DR: It is shown that auks became an independent lineage in the Early Paleocene and radiated gradually from the Early Eocene to the Quaternary, which implies that warmer tropical waters are now a barrier for the dispersal of auks into the Southern Hemisphere, as it is for penguins in the opposite direction.

TL;DR: The results identify numerous genetically and phenotypically divergent lineages which may result in new species-level designations upon closer taxonomic scrutiny and thorough sampling, although lineages in the tropical region could be older than those in the temperate zone without necessarily representing separate species.

TL;DR: The genetic composition of nonbreeding populations indicates the confluence of breeding populations on southward migration and mtDNA analysis can be extremely useful in defining broad migration corridors or flyways, and in determining staging and wintering areas used by the major breeding populations.

TL;DR: Common mynas were introduced into New Zealand from Australia in the 1870's and apparently given rise to populations that now occur almost exclusively north of latitude 40° S, but newly established northern populations are very similar morphometrically.

TL;DR: Divergence dates from coalescent analysis of mitochondrial control region sequences suggest that all ancestral populations of knots emerged within the last glacial period of the Pleistocene via an eastward expansion into North America, implying that, in Red Knots at least, the Greenland/Iceland migratory route was established very recently from breeding grounds in the Americas to wintering grounds in Europe and not vice versa as previously believed.