A report of two cases

The classification of malocclusion

Fluoride contamination in water is a major problem across the globe, with health hazards such as dental and skeletal fluorosis. Most earlier studies are confined to local or regional scales. As the problem has serious socioeconomic implications, there is a need for a global perspective. Thus, here we review worldwide research for nearly a century on fluoride contamination in water. We investigated the distribution of fluoride contamination in water, its sources, mobilization and association. The major findings are: (1) Anomalous fluoride concentration in groundwater is mainly confined to arid and semiarid regions of Asia and North Africa. (2) The geogenic sources of fluoride in water are mainly fluorine-bearing minerals in rocks and sediments, whereas anthropogenic sources of fluoride in water are mainly pesticides and industrial waste. (3) Fluoride mobilization from geogenic sources is mainly controlled by alkalinity and temperature. (4) Fluoride occurrence in water is associated with ions such as sodium, arsenic chloride and bicarbonate. There are few associations of fluoride in water with calcium and magnesium.

Worldwide contamination of water by fluoride

Excellent book is always being the best friend for spending little time in your office, night time, bus, and everywhere. It will be a good way to just look, open, and read the book while in that time. As known, experience and skill don't always come with the much money to acquire them. Reading this book with the PDF oral and maxillofacial pathology a rationale for diagnosis and treatment will let you know more things.

/pdf/oral-and-maxillofacial-pathology-a-rationale-for-diagnosis-d76gmlp6cr.pdf

Oral and maxillofacial pathology: a rationale for diagnosis and treatment

Tumours of the salivary glands are unusual in the dog, with an overall incidence reported as 0.2%. This chapter looks at clinical approach; management; prognosis.

Tumours of the salivary glands

Facial soft tissue thickness in a sample of Sudanese adults with different occlusions.

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a group of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the muscles of mastication and/or associated structures. TMD is a multi-factorial disorder, commonly associated with dental, medical and mental conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of TMD symptoms among university students. Materials and
Methods: Cross sectional study for 500 university students (251 male and 249 female) aged 17- 25 years old. The data were collected using a pretested designed questionnaire and clinical examination.
Results: Clicking was found to be the most prevalent symptom followed by tenderness, whereas limitation and deviation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was the least prevalent. Students that live with their families and those who live under stressful conditions were more affected by temporomandibular disorder (TMD).
Conclusion: The prevalence of TMD among Sudanese university students was high, clicking was found to be the most common symptom. The results are frightening and require further more comprehensive studies to recognize the risk factors associated with TMD in order to ascertain procedures for anticipation and treatment.

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders among Sudanese University Students

Introduction: Mother’s dental health knowledge has a vital role on children's dental health. This study aimed to assess knowledge and practice of mothers in relation to dental health of pre-school children.
Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional pre-school based study of 419 mothers of 3-5 years old pre-school children were selected randomly from 20 kindergartens in Khartoum North, Sudan. An interviewer administered questionnaire used to assess the mother’s dental health knowledge and practice in relation to mother’s age, education and occupation.
Results: The majority of mothers 394 (94%) age were 20 to 40 years old, 52.7% had university education and 63.7% were housewives. In general, mothers showed good knowledge, the overall mean ± SD knowledge score was 7.22 ± 1.42, while for practice the overall mean ± SD practice score was 41.3 ± 11.8. Significant association found between dental health knowledge and practice and mother’s education level (p = 0.00).
Conclusion: Relatively good mother knowledge regarding dental health of preschool children but regrettably this knowledge was not fully reflected on practices. Higher education mothers had better knowledge and practices. The findings of this study emphasize the significant role of mothers in promoting dental health of pre-school children.

https://www.longdom.org/open-access/knowledge-and-practice-of-mothers-in-relation-to-dental-health-of-preschool-children-2169-0111-1000153.pdf

Knowledge and Practice of Mothers in Relation to Dental Health of Pre- School Children

OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of hypodontia in the permanent dentition in a sample of Sudanese patients who sought orthodontic treatment and to compare the results with the reported findings of other populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Orthodontic files including orthopantomographs of 1069 patients (760 females and 309 males - more than 8 years old) were examined and inspected for evidence of hypodontia. RESULTS The prevalence of hypodontia of the present sample was 5.1%. Hypodontia was found considerably more frequently in the mandible than in the maxilla. The distribution of missing teeth was noticed in the left side more than in the right side. The most frequently missing teeth were the maxillary lateral incisors, followed by the mandibular second premolars, maxillary second premolars and mandibular left lateral incisor. The majority of patients had two or three teeth missing, but rarely more than 5 teeth missing. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hypodontia of this study was within the range of that reported in the literature. The incidence of hypodontia in the anterior segment requires great need for orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment. With early detection of hypodontia, alternative treatment modalities can be planned and performed with a multidisciplinary team approach restoring the esthetic and function.

Prevalence of hypodontia in a sample of Sudanese orthodontic patients.

Introduction: Obesity and dental caries have a serious impact on a child’s health; they can be potentially prevented   by increasing the knowledge and awareness of proper oral hygiene practice in addition to healthy food consumption.  Objective: To determine the correlation between body mass index and dental caries of a sample of 6-11 year old Sudanese children.  Materials and Methods: A Cross sectional school based study was conducted. A total of 360 children (50% boys, 50% girls) were examined for body mass index and dental caries prevalence. Physical examination was done by recording the child’s height and weight to calculate the body mass index. Dental caries index was carried out following the WHO criteria.  Results: The most prevalent body weight category was normal weight (60.6%) in both genders followed by the underweight group (28.3%), the overweight group (6.4%), and the obese group (4.7%). Boys exhibited a higher prevalence in the underweight category than girls, while overweight was more prevalent in girls (8.3%) than boys (4.4%). The mean dft for primary teeth was 4.68 in both genders and the mean DMFT for permanent teeth was 2.52 and 1.88 for girls and boys respectively. There was a negative correlation between dft and body weight category. No correlation between body weight category and DMFT was found.  Conclusion: No correlation between dental caries and age-specific body weight category was found in permanent teeth while in primary teeth the underweight category was more related to the presence of dental caries than the other body weight categories. Key words: body mass index, normal weight, overweight, obesity, dental caries

/pdf/correlation-between-body-mass-index-and-dental-caries-among-2234cvmn6o.pdf

Amal H. Abuaffan

Papers

Facial soft tissue thickness in a sample of Sudanese adults with different occlusions.

Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders among Sudanese University Students

Knowledge and Practice of Mothers in Relation to Dental Health of Pre- School Children

Prevalence of hypodontia in a sample of Sudanese orthodontic patients.

Correlation between Body Mass Index and Dental Caries among a sample of Sudanese Children