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Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods

Due to the effect of citation impact on The Higher Education (THE) world university ranking system, most of the researchers are looking for some helpful techniques to increase their citation record. This paper by reviewing the relevant articles extracts 33 different ways for increasing the citations possibilities. The results show that the article visibility has tended to receive more download and citations. This is probably the first study to collect over 30 different ways to improve the citation record. Further study is needed to explore and expand these techniques in specific fields of study in order to make the results more precisely.

https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/50919/1/MPRA_paper_50919.pdf

Effective Strategies for Increasing Citation Frequency

Forensic odontology is primarily concerned with the use of teeth and oral structures for identification in a legal context. Various forensic odontology techniques help in the identification of the human remains in incidents such as terrorists' attacks, airplane, train and road accidents, fires, mass murders, and natural disasters such as tsunamis, earth quakes and floods, etc. (Disaster Victim Identification-DVI). Dental structures are the hardest and well protected structures in the body. These structures resist decomposition and high temperatures and are among the last ones to disintegrate after death. The principal basis of the dental identification lies in the fact that no two oral cavities are alike and the teeth are unique to an individual. The dental evidence of the deceased recovered from the scene of crime/occurrence is compared with the ante-mortem records for identification. Dental features such as tooth morphology, variations in shape and size, restorations, pathologies, missing tooth, wear patterns, crowding of the teeth, colour and position of the tooth, rotations and other peculiar dental anomalies give every individual a unique identity. In absence of ante-mortem dental records for comparison, the teeth can help in the determination of age, sex, race/ethnicity, habits, occupations, etc. which can give further clues regarding the identity of the individuals. This piece of writing gives an overview of dental evidence, its use in forensic identification and its limitations.

https://opendentistryjournal.com/VOLUME/9/PAGE/250/PDF/

Dental Evidence in Forensic Identification – An Overview, Methodology and Present Status

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a profound effect on all aspects of society, including mental health and physical health. We explore the psychological, social, and neuroscientific effects of COVID-19 and set out the immediate priorities and longer-term strategies for mental health science research. These priorities were informed by surveys of the public and an expert panel convened by the UK Academy of Medical Sciences and the mental health research charity, MQ: Transforming Mental Health, in the first weeks of the pandemic in the UK in March, 2020. We urge UK research funding agencies to work with researchers, people with lived experience, and others to establish a high level coordination group to ensure that these research priorities are addressed, and to allow new ones to be identified over time. The need to maintain high-quality research standards is imperative. International collaboration and a global perspective will be beneficial. An immediate priority is collecting high-quality data on the mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic across the whole population and vulnerable groups, and on brain function, cognition, and mental health of patients with COVID-19. There is an urgent need for research to address how mental health consequences for vulnerable groups can be mitigated under pandemic conditions, and on the impact of repeated media consumption and health messaging around COVID-19. Discovery, evaluation, and refinement of mechanistically driven interventions to address the psychological, social, and neuroscientific aspects of the pandemic are required. Rising to this challenge will require integration across disciplines and sectors, and should be done together with people with lived experience. New funding will be required to meet these priorities, and it can be efficiently leveraged by the UK's world-leading infrastructure. This Position Paper provides a strategy that may be both adapted for, and integrated with, research efforts in other countries.

/pdf/multidisciplinary-research-priorities-for-the-covid-19-q1mevhg3p8.pdf

Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science.

Telomeres and telomerase are nowadays exploring traits on targets for anticancer therapy. Telomerase is a unique reverse transcriptase enzyme, considered as a primary factor in almost all cancer cells, which is mainly responsible to regulate the telomere length. Hence, telomerase ensures the indefinite cell proliferation during malignancy—a hallmark of cancer—and this distinctive feature has provided telomerase as the preferred target for drug development in cancer therapy. Deactivation of telomerase and telomere destabilization by natural products provides an opening to succeed new targets for cancer therapy. This review aims to provide a fundamental knowledge for research on telomere, working regulation of telomerase and its various binding proteins to inhibit the telomere/telomerase complex. In addition, the review summarizes the inhibitors of the enzyme catalytic subunit and RNA component, natural products that target telomeres, and suppression of transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. This extensive understanding of telomerase biology will provide indispensable information for enhancing the efficiency of rational anti-cancer drug design.

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/1/13/pdf

Telomerase Inhibitors from Natural Products and Their Anticancer Potential

This study aims to determine the stability of palatal rugae before and after orthodontic treatment. 50 orthodontic cases were selected with pre- and posttreatment casts and 50 casts were randomly selected as variables. Landmarks on the palatal raphe and rugae were marked on the maxillary casts. Points were made on medial and lateral ends of first, second and third rugae. Each cast was photographed, measured and then trimmed leaving only the rugae area of the hard palate. In the pre and post-treatment group, changes in transverse measurements were significantly different for lateral points of first rugae and anteroposterior changes were significant for the distances between first and second rugae. All inter-point measurements of third rugae were stable in post-treatment casts. Thirty blinded examiners compared 50 trimmed preorthodontic casts to similarly prepared one hundred casts for possible matches based on pattern of rugae. The percentages of correct matches for examiners had a median of 90%. The matching of pre-operative and post-operative orthodontic casts demonstrated that although some changes do occur in the rugae during orthodontic treatment, the morphology of palatal rugae remains stable throughout life. Hence carefully assessed rugae pattern may have a definite role in forensic identification. Further, points associated with the third palatal ruage were the most immutable over a person's life and hence could be used as a reference to evaluate the changes in teeth positions during orthodontic treatment.

Establishing the reliability of palatal rugae pattern in individual identification (following orthodontic treatment).

Objectives
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of certain oral characteristics usually associated with Down syndrome and to determine the oral health status of these patients.

Dentofacial and Cranial Changes in Down Syndrome

Introduction Molecular diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 infection characteristically involves the sampling of the throat or nasopharyngeal swab (NPS). However, these procedures are invasive, require necessary skills for sample collection, cause patient discomfort, and are non-conducive for extensive scale testing. Saliva is increasingly being suggested as an alternate diagnostic sample in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Objectives This scoping review was done with the objective of exploring the evidence on the role of saliva as an alternate diagnostic sample in SARS-CoV-2 condition. Methods Thorough search of the literature in major databases was undertaken in June 2020 using free text and MESH terms, followed by PRISMA to identify 17 studies for data extraction. Results and conclusions Evidence was summarised for study characteristics, salivary sampling characteristics, viral load, and longevity of virus in saliva. The literature supports that saliva offers a simple sample collection method compared to technique-sensitive NPS and has the advantage of point-of-care testing for initial screening in community or hospital-based set-up. The additional highlights of this review are heterogeneity in the current literature and the gaps in methodology. Therefore, a robust study design to generate higher levels of evidence has been proposed.

/pdf/exploring-salivary-diagnostics-in-covid-19-a-scoping-review-391cb0akjh.pdf

Exploring salivary diagnostics in COVID-19: a scoping review and research suggestions

Background Azadirachta indica (neem), belongs to the family of Meliaceae plants, is found in the Indian subcontinent. The neem tree is colloquially referred to as the village pharmacy due to its array of biological properties. Every part of the neem tree like its bark, leaves, sap, fruit, seeds, and twigs find a multitude of uses. It is customary to use them for management of skin diseases and various other infections. The anticancer properties of neem have been studied in the past and these include its ability to modulate the tumour environment, increase the cytotoxic ability of host monocytes and suppress the proliferation of tumour cells. The present review was conducted with the objective of scrutinizing and assimilating data about the usefulness Azadirachta indica in oral cancer from all the previously done work. Material and methods A planned review was conducted of all the studies that investigated the role of Azadirachta indica in oral cancer. Literature search was carried out using PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar databases. In addition to electronic searching, hand searching, cross referencing and various internet engines were also used to collect data. The articles were perused and articles not pertinent to our search were omitted. Results and conclusion The anticancer properties of neem were evaluated and the active constituents of neem have been demonstrated to unequivocally have preventive and therapeutic potential against oral cancer. Although, greater exploration of the anticancer properties of neem are required in order to effectively integrate it into the routine management of oral cancer.

A review of the anticancer activity of Azadirachta indica (Neem) in oral cancer.

Scanning the literature reveals that in India there is little data available relating to dental health in mentally challenged. The study aims to determine prevalence of dental caries, oral health status, and periodontal needs in mentally challenged individuals of North Indian population. The cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending a special education program at Faculty of Dentistry, JMI, and Delhi, India. DMFT Index, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and CPITN index were used to evaluate caries, oral hygiene status and periodontal needs, respectively. The chisquare test was used to compare between categorical variables. Depending on the type of disability, 258 patients were classified into five groups’ mental retardation (MR), Autistic disorder (AD), Down syndrome (DS), Cerebral palsy (CP) and other. The overall prevalence of dental caries in the study population was 76%. Among the study groups, DS exhibited highest DMFT and CPITN scores. The oral health status of the mentally disabled individuals is influenced by type of the disability.

/pdf/oral-health-status-and-dental-caries-experience-in-mentally-36wk1ozauv.pdf

Aman Chowdhry

Papers

Establishing the reliability of palatal rugae pattern in individual identification (following orthodontic treatment).

Dentofacial and Cranial Changes in Down Syndrome

Exploring salivary diagnostics in COVID-19: a scoping review and research suggestions

A review of the anticancer activity of Azadirachta indica (Neem) in oral cancer.

Oral Health Status and Dental Caries Experience in Mentally Challenged Individuals