Microbiology of periodontal diseases

https://www.scielo.br/pdf/bjm/v43n1/v43n1a50.pdf

Probiotic features of two oral Lactobacillus isolates

Boswellia sacra Flueck. oleoresin extract (frankincense) has traditionally been used in the treatment of different diseases, but there are no sufficient studies on its potential activity against periodontal pathogens. Therefore, antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of frankincense extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis clinical isolates were studied. The phytochemical composition of the volatile components of the extract was identified by GC-MS analysis revealing 49 compounds as trans-nerolidyl formate, cycloartenol acetate, ursenoic acid 3-oxomethyl ester, bisabolene epoxide, and kaur-16-ene. It decreased the growth and increased the leakage of nucleotides in 58.3% and 33.3% of isolates, respectively. Additionally, it reduced the extracellular polysaccharide production and the cell surface hydrophobicity in 41.67% and 50% of the isolates, respectively. Crystal violet assay revealed inhibition of biofilm formation by the tested isolates. Light microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to examine the biofilms and they confirmed the reduction of biofilm formation by frankincense extract. Downregulation of the genes linked to biofilm formation (fimA, hagA, and hagB) was observed using qRT-PCR after treatment with the frankincense extract. This study suggested that the frankincense extract could exhibit antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against P. gingivalis isolates. Thus, the frankincense extract could be used as a treatment approach for periodontitis.

Antibacterial Activity of Boswellia sacra Flueck. Oleoresin Extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis Periodontal Pathogen

Contamination of foodstuff with foodborne and pathogenic bacteria are global issue and it is serious hazard for the health of the human. Lactic acid bacteria are well known for their health properties and their antimicrobial activity against spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. In this study, three isolates Lactobacillus fermentum Te007, Pediococcus pentosaceus Te010, L. pentosus G004 isolated from Malaysian fermented foods and fruits such as (tempeh, tempoyak, guava and banana) were evaluated for their antibacterial activity and antibiotic resistant against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by dual agar overlay method. The three isolates inhibited the growth of indicator bacteria and the activity was varied between weak and strong. All the isolates were resistant to the antibiotic nalidixic acid and vancomycin. The tested bacteria can be added to food as antibacterial agents to prevent the growth of harmful microorganisms.

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Malaysian isolates of lactic acid bacteria with antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to collect different Lactic acid bacterial strains from culture collection centers and screen their functional probiotic characteristics such as acid tolerance, bile tolerance, antibacterial activity and antibiotic sensitivity for their commercial use. Materials and Methods: Acid and bile tolerence of selected LAB(Lactic acid bacteria) was determined. The antibiotic resistance of Lactobacillus species was assessed using different antibiotic discs on de Mann Rogosa Sharpe broth (MRS) agar plates seeded with the test probiotic organism. The antibacterial activity of LAB was assessed by using well diffusion method. Results: Among the six probiotic strains tested, all showed good survivability at high bile salt concentration (0.3 to 2.0 % oxgall) and good growth at a low pH of 1.5 to 3.5. These probiotic species showed good survival abilities in acidic pH of 2.0 to 3.5 except Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspp. bulgaricus 281 which did not grown at pH of 2.0. Lactobacillus fermentum 141 was able to grow even at pH of 1.5 also. Among the six lactic acid species, Lactobacillus fermentum 141 (except Tetracycline), Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspp. Bulgaricus 281 except (Cefpodoxime) and all other LAB were resistant to all the antibiotics tested (Ampicillin, Nalidixic acid , Ciprofloxacin ,Co-Trimoxazole, Gentamicin and Cefpodoxime). All these probiotic organisms were screened for their in vitro inhibition ability against pathogenic microorganisms namely, E.coli ATCC (American type culture collection centre), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella paratyphi, Staphylococcus aureus. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subspp. bulgaricus 281, Lactobacillus casei 297 and Lactobacillus fermentum 141 inhibited the growth of all the pathogenic bacteria used in the study. Conclusion: The study indicated Lactobacillus fermentum 141 and Lactobacillus casei 297 as potential functional probiotics for future in vivo studies for commercialization in the food industry.

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Evaluation of different lactic acid bacterial strains for probiotic characteristics.

In this study we achieved to isolate and identify Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) from minced beef meat by using de Man Rogosa and Sharpe agar (MRS) medium. The influence of antimicrobial activities were obtained by using the agar well diffusion method (Muller Hinton Agar) against some members of gram positive and gram negative pathogenic bacteria involved ( Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerouginosa , Bacillus cereus , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp., Salmonella spp., corynebacterium spp., Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus ). The results show that the LAB can inhibits these bacteria by develop a zones around the well which contain these LAB.

Antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from minced beef meat against some pathogenic bacteria.

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Detection of the Efficacy of some Transport, Isolation and Culture Media for Oral Treponema Isolated from Periodontitis

The study aimed to detect P. gingivalis from 49 patients with periodontitis at different ages and both sexes, after determination of pocket depth, types of infection whether chronic or progressive by dentists. Routine culture method was done using selective media and anaerobic condition and compared with species specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. DNA was extracted from samples and its concentration and purity were determined. The results showed domination of chronic infections and the pocket depths ranged between 3-9mm, as well as the results revealed that isolation percent of P.gingivalis by PCR was more higher than culture method, it was 65.3% and 28.5% respectively. The results also showed that phenol-chloroform was the efficient method for DNA extraction comparing with other methods. The study revealed that there are effects of age and sex on isolation rate and the results indicated that percentage of P.gingivalis was detected in 20-30 years old and males were more infected than females.

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Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis from Periodontal Pocket Infections by Microbial Cultivation and PCR Techniques


 Background and Purpose: For enhancing the efficiency of diagnostic tools and overcome drawbacks faced in diagnosis attempt, molecular methods have been developed aid accurate and rapid identification of bacterial species particularly those which are difficult to study with. The current study searched to find a more specific and rapid method serves researchers for the identification of periodontal pathogens and overcome disturbances encountered in study such anaerobic fastidious organisms. Methods and Results: Three periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis , Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola were characterized and identified by phenotypic features and Loop- Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) techniques which involved 4 sets of primers targeted to 16SrRNA genes and loop primers and the Colorimetric Master Mix containing Bst DNA polymerase and Phenol Red for the detection of amplicon formation. There was a variance in phenotypic characters of the isolates of the same species. LAMP, as a novel molecular technique was of usefulness value in identifying the target weather as extracted DNA or whole cells in a high specific and very rapid manner within 30 min. by visual reading of the results. Conclusion: It is strongly recommended the use of the novel LAMP method in researches work with periodontal pathogens as its advantages make it superior to other molecular techniques in respects of a higher specificity, rapidity, sensitivity and overcome DNA extraction step and special equipment in that it can be used at chair- side identification.

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Amera M. Al-Rawi

Papers

Antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from minced beef meat against some pathogenic bacteria.

Detection of the Efficacy of some Transport, Isolation and Culture Media for Oral Treponema Isolated from Periodontitis

Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis from Periodontal Pocket Infections by Microbial Cultivation and PCR Techniques

Colorimetric LAMP Molecular Method for Immediate Detection of Three Periodontal Pathogens

Some Metals Removal by Biomass of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. from Wastewater of Second Campus of Mosul University