萨义德以其独特的双重身份,对西方中心权力话语做了分析,通过对文学作品、演讲演说等文本的解读,将O rie n ta lis m——"东方学",做了三重释义:一门学科、一种思维方式和一种权力话语系统,对东方学权力话语做了系统的批判,同时将东方学放入空间维度对东方学文本做了细致的解读。

萨义德的“Orientalism”释义

In the wake of the race disturbances in Oldham, Burnley, and Bradford in Summer 2001, the author explores the possibilities for intercultural understanding and dialogue. He argues that, although the national frame of racial and ethnic relations remains important, much of the negotiation of difference occurs at the very local level, through everyday experiences and encounters. Against current policy emphasis on community cohesion and mixed housing, which also tends to assume fixed minority ethnic identities, the author focuses on prosaic sites of cultural exchange and transformation, plural and contested senses of place, an agonistic politics of ethnicity and identity, and the limitations of the White legacy of national belonging in Britain.

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Ethnicity and the Multicultural City: Living with Diversity:

Despite major advances in vaccination over the past century, resurgence of vaccine-preventable illnesses has led the World Health Organization to identify vaccine hesitancy as a major threat to global health. Vaccine hesitancy may be fueled by health information obtained from a variety of sources, including new media such as the Internet and social media platforms. As access to technology has improved, social media has attained global penetrance. In contrast to traditional media, social media allow individuals to rapidly create and share content globally without editorial oversight. Users may self-select content streams, contributing to ideological isolation. As such, there are considerable public health concerns raised by anti-vaccination messaging on such platforms and the consequent potential for downstream vaccine hesitancy, including the compromise of public confidence in future vaccine development for novel pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2 for the prevention of COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the current position of social media platforms in propagating vaccine hesitancy and explore next steps in how social media may be used to improve health literacy and foster public trust in vaccination.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21645515.2020.1780846

Social media and vaccine hesitancy: new updates for the era of COVID-19 and globalized infectious diseases.

Racism and the Press

▪ Abstract This paper reviews studies of ethnicity in plural societies. The literature concentrates on the social networks of ethnic groups, the use of social capital derived from these networks, and ethnic identity. I give particular attention to studies that consider how interpersonal networks within ethnic communities influence the degree of closure in social boundaries and the degree to which ethnic identity is retained. Most of the studies considered here have been published during the past two decades. However, a few earlier studies are considered so as to frame recent work in an appropriate context. Two main research foci characterize contemporary studies—forms of economic action undertaken by the immigrant generation and the socialization experiences of their offspring. Related areas of study also addressed in this review include how participation in ethnic churches, metropolitan and regional concentrations of ethnic populations, and transnationalism influence ethnic groups' experiences. I conclud...

Ethnic Boundaries and Identity in Plural Societies

This article examines the representation of Islam and Muslims in the British press It suggests that British Muslims are portrayed as an ‘alien other’ within the media It suggests that this misrepresenatation can be linked to the development of a ‘racism’, namely, Islamphobia that has its roots in cultural representations of the ‘other’ In order to develop this arguement, the article provies a summary/overview of how ethnic minorities have been represented in the British press and argues that the treatment of British Muslims and Islam follows these themes of ‘deviance’ and ‘un-Britishness’

/pdf/media-racism-and-islamophobia-the-representation-of-islam-114kwpymhl.pdf

Media, Racism and Islamophobia: The Representation of Islam and Muslims in the Media

The problematic relationship between 'Britishness' and the identities of UK ethnic minorities is further complicated in Scotland by the increasing salience of the Scottish dimension. This article discusses the relationship between reformulations of 'post-British' national identities, and the position of Scottish Pakistani-Muslims. The study focuses on the preferred identities of young Pakistani-Scots in West Central Scotland, reporting chiefly on the results of the modified Twenty Statement Test [TST] as administered to sixty-three Scottish-Pakistani teenagers aged between fourteen and seventeen years, estimated as a significant percentage of the Glasgow Pakistani population in this age range. Religious, ethnic and nationality labels are all adopted by these respondents. Where there are no constraints on their identity labels, religious (Muslim) statements predominate, and where a choice of labels is provided, dual ethnicity labels are preferred. The results are theorized in relation to present deficienci...

New ethnic and national questions in Scotland: post-British identities among Glasgow Pakistani teenagers

The rise of social media

Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. The Rise of Social Media Chapter 3. Managing Social Media Chapter 4. 'Race' and Racisms in a Digital World Chapter 5. Football, Racism and Social Media Chapter 6. Cricket, Racism and Social Media Chapter 7. Boxing, Racism and Social Media Chapter 8. US Sport, Racism and Social Media Chapter 9. The Way Forward

Sport, Racism and Social Media

Beginning with a theoretical discussion of race, sport and media, this book critically examines issues of race, racism and sports journalism and offers practical advice on sports reporting, including a discussion of guidelines for ethical journalism. In a series of case studies, representations of race will be explored through historical and contemporary analysis of international media coverage, including online and digital platforms. The background and impacts of these representations will also be discussed through interviews with athletes and sports journalists.

Subjects covered include:


cricket in the UK, Australian and Asian media, with particular focus on Pakistan
athletics and media representations of athletes, including a study of the reporting of South African runner Caster Semenya
football and the under-representation of British-Asians, with an analysis of how race is constructed in the digital arena
boxing with particular reference to Muhammad Ali, America and Islam
Formula One and analysis of the media reporting, international spectator response and racism towards Lewis Hamilton, described in the media as the first black driver.


Finally, the book will analyse the make-up of sports journalism, examining the causes and consequences of a lack of diversity within the profession.

Amir Saeed

Papers

Media, Racism and Islamophobia: The Representation of Islam and Muslims in the Media

New ethnic and national questions in Scotland: post-British identities among Glasgow Pakistani teenagers

The rise of social media

Sport, Racism and Social Media

Race, Racism and Sports Journalism