This paper presents results obtained from monitoring a 1.72 kWp photovoltaic system installed on a flat roof of a 12 m high building in Dublin, Ireland (latitude 53.4°N and longitude 6.3°E). The system was monitored between November 2008 and October 2009 and all the electricity generated was fed into the low voltage supply to the building. Monthly average daily and annual performance parameters of the PV system evaluated include: final yield, reference yield, array yield, system losses, array capture losses, cell temperature losses, PV module efficiency, system efficiency, inverter efficiency, performance ratio and capacity factor. The maximum solar radiation, ambient temperature and PV module temperature recorded were 1241 W/m2 in March, 29.5 °C and 46.9 °C in June respectively. The annual total energy generated was 885.1 kW h/kWp while the annual average daily final yield, reference yield and array yield were 2.41 kW h/kWp/day, 2.85 kW h/kWp/day and 2.62 kW h/kWp/day respectively. The annual average daily PV module efficiency, system efficiency and inverter efficiency were 14.9%, 12.6% and 89.2% respectively while the annual average daily performance ratio and capacity factor were 81.5% and 10.1% respectively. The annual average daily system losses, capture losses and cell temperature losses were 0.23 h/day, 0.22 h/day and 0.00 h/day respectively. Comparison of this system with other systems in different locations showed that the system had the highest annual average daily PV module efficiency, system efficiency and performance ratio of 14.9%, 12.6% and 81.5% respectively. The PV system’s annual average daily final yield of 2.4 kW h/kWp/day is higher than those reported in Germany, Poland and Northern Ireland. It is comparable to results from some parts of Spain but it is lower than the reported yields in most parts of Italy and Spain. Despite low insolation levels, high average wind speeds and low ambient temperature improve Ireland’s suitability.

Measured Performance of a 1.72 kW Rooftop Grid Connected Photovoltaic System in Ireland

The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies created tsunamis almost in every industry across the world and particularly in agriculture. This massive changes are shaking the existing agriculture methods and creating new wave of opportunities. Due to the increase of world population by 30%, agriculture products will have a very high demand by 2050. Human resources for agriculture development is becoming less due to migration of young people to big cities and land use for agriculture cultivation is being used for rapid development. As a result, most of the agriculture activities need to be automated to fulfill the food demand. IoT and related technologies will be the potential solution to solve the above agricultural and food demand issues. This paper will explore the latest trends in IoT agriculture applications and highlight the issues and challenges particularly in network and open source software for smart agriculture.

IoT Applications in Smart Agriculture: Issues and Challenges

世界地図帖 = World atlas

The food processing and handling industry is the most significant business among the various manufacturing industries in the entire world that subsidize the highest employability. The human workforce plays an essential role in the smooth execution of the production and packaging of food products. Due to the involvement of humans, the food industries are failing to maintain the demand-supply chain and also lacking in food safety. To overcome these issues of food industries, industrial automation is the best possible solution. Automation is completely based on artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) or deep learning (DL) algorithms. By using the AI-based system, food production and delivery processes can be efficiently handled and also enhance the operational competence. This article is going to explain the AI applications in the food industry which recommends a huge amount of capital saving with maximizing resource utilization by reducing human error. Artificial intelligence with data science can improve the quality of restaurants, cafes, online delivery food chains, hotels, and food outlets by increasing production utilizing different fitting algorithms for sales prediction. AI could significantly improve packaging, increasing shelf life, a combination of the menu by using AI algorithms, and food safety by making a more transparent supply chain management system. With the help of AI and ML, the future of food industries is completely based on smart farming, robotic farming, and drones.

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Opportunities of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the Food Industry

Food supply chains are considered to be more complex systems than other types of supply chains. This complexity is due to the continuous changes taking place, particularly in ensuring the quality of food products throughout the entire supply chain, from growing, procurement of resources, production, and management of stock, to distribution to the final consumers. For that, food supply chain markets have become more highly developed in the use of modern technologies, and have begun to implement them in their logistical systems to satisfy their customers’ needs. The main objectives of this review are to identify the different technological implementations in different phases of the food supply chain processes and point out the key factors for using technologies to improve the characteristics of the perishable food supply chain. A total number of 137 articles were analyzed in this research to achieve these review objectives. Some of the various technologies found in different phases of the food supply chain were radio frequency identification (RFID), the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, three-dimensional printing (3DP), autonomous vehicles, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). These technologies were found in different phases of the food supply chain and improved the efficiency of supplying perishable foods. The review identified different characteristics of the perishable food supply chain. The main finding indicated that technological implementation enhances the efficiency and sustainability of the food supply chains and helps to retain perishable food characteristics.

Roles of Technology in Improving Perishable Food Supply Chains

AC-DC converters have reached a full-fledged level for improving power quality in terms of reduced total harmonic distortion at input ac mains, power factor correction (PFC) and precisely regulated dc output using different topologies like buck, boost, buck-boost, Cuk, Sepic, Zeta, Luo, flyback, push-pull, half-bridge etc. It is targeted to provide a wide area on the status of improved power quality converters (IPQC) technology to designers, researchers, and application engineers working on DC-DC converters. A classified list of more than 45 research publications on the state of IPQC is also given for a reference.

A review of different DC/DC converters for power quality improvement in LED lighting load

Agriculture has been primary economic activity for the people of developing nations. The green-house based agriculture system enhanced by IoT for monitoring and controlling would provide better yield as well as quality as per required by the market. The use of Wireless Sensor Nodes (WSN), actuators, remote database server/cloud computing, remote access through user application integrated as part of IoT, will enable the efficient utilization of resources available. This paper aims to design the IoT based system for operation of agricultural activities which is scalable and cost effective so that developing countries and rural areas within the available infrastructure like internet, renewable resources maximize their throughput. The data collected can be further analyzed for environmental and climatic conditions and the economically productive crop to be cultivated throughout the year can be planned.

Internet Of Things (Iot) For Smart Agriculture And Farming In Developing Nations

In this paper, a modified small signal state space average model is proposed to analyze the pulse width modulated converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). It is based on a unique correction matrix (Mc) and new duty ratio constrain which is derived on the basic properties of inductor current. A 12 volt, 5 watt power supply based on Cuk converter is designed to demonstrate this proposed methodology. Transfer functions (input-to-output and control-to-output) of this power supply are calculated theoretically with the help of proposed modelling procedure. Bode plots of those transfer function are achieved using MATLAB toolboxes. To validate the proposed model, a simulation is also performed in MATLAB and frequency response is captured at run time using linearization technique. Bode plots from proposed model are very much in line with simulation results and offer improved predictions for high frequency dynamics of converter operating in DCM. The validity of presented work is reconfirm...

Uniform Model and Analysis of PWM DC–DC Converter for Discontinuous Conduction Mode

Unit commitment problem in renewable integrated environment with storage: A review

Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) has been an important and interesting field of study since the last couple of decades It is because of the immense potential of the AUVs in oceanic research and exploration But the limitations in its control are complex, and their study and simulation are therefore very necessary for their implementation in a real-world environment AUV is an under-actuated system, and therefore, only a limited number of techniques can be employed for their control One of the robust techniques is path following control It involves the use of fuzzy logic-based control of the vehicle It can be achieved by assuming a stagnant frame of reference and a dynamic frame of reference and thereby using the error encountered in its trajectory as an input to the better control the AUV In this paper, the response of fuzzy logic controller is analyzed in different conditions by using MATLAB SIMULINK-based simulation Then, the results are compared with the response obtained by using PID controller and studied At last, the best conditions for controlling the AUV are observed and stated

Amit Agrawal

Papers

A review of different DC/DC converters for power quality improvement in LED lighting load

Internet Of Things (Iot) For Smart Agriculture And Farming In Developing Nations

Uniform Model and Analysis of PWM DC–DC Converter for Discontinuous Conduction Mode

Unit commitment problem in renewable integrated environment with storage: A review

Fuzzy Logic-Based Control of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle System Balance Verification Using Simulation