To extract the maximum potential advantages in light of environmental, economical and technical aspects, the optimum installation and sizing of Distributed Generation (DG) in distribution network has always been challenging for utilities as well as customers. The installation of DG would be of maximum benefit where setting up of central power generating units are not practical, or in remote and small areas where the installation of transmission lines or availability of unused land is out of question. The objective of optimal installation of DG in distribution system is to achieve proper operation of distribution networks with minimization of the system losses, improvement of the voltage profile, enhanced system reliability, stability and loadability etc. In this respect analytical (classical) methods, although well-matched for small systems, perform adversely for large and complex objective functions. Unlike the analytical (classical) methods, the intelligent techniques for optimal sizing and siting of DGs are speedy, possess good convergence characteristics, and are well suited for large and complex systems. However, to find a global optimal solution of complex multi-objective problems, a hybrid of two or more meta-heuristic optimization techniques give more effective and reliable solution. This paper presents the fundamentals of DG and DG technologies review the classical and heuristic approaches for optimal sizing and placement of DG units in distribution networks and study their impacts on utilities and customers. An attempt has also been made to compare the analytical (classical) and meta-heuristic techniques for optimal sizing and siting of DG in distribution networks. The present study can contribute meaningful knowledge and assist as a reference for investigators and utility engineers on issues to be considered for optimal sizing and siting of DG units in distribution systems.

Optimal sizing and siting techniques for distributed generation in distribution systems: A review

Placement of wind and solar based DGs in distribution system for power loss minimization and voltage stability improvement

Assessment of energy storage technologies: A review

Voltage stability assessment is a major issue in monitoring the power system stability. Different voltage stability indices (VSIs) have been proposed in the literature for voltage stability assessment. These indices can be used for distributed generation (DG) placement and sizing, detecting the weak lines and buses and triggering the countermeasures against voltage instability. This paper reviews the VSIs from different aspects such as concepts, assumptions, critical values and equations. The review results provide a comprehensive background to find out the future works in this field and select the best VSI for different applications like DG placement and sizing and voltage stability assessment.

A comprehensive review of the voltage stability indices

Distributed generation can be defined as power generation by small scale generating units that are installed at distribution systems. The penetration of distributed generation (DG) units in electric distribution systems is continually increasing. The process of finding optimal type, location and size of DG units is called “DG allocation”. DG allocation is a hot area of research and represents a difficult problem in electrical power engineering. In this paper, the existing research works on DG allocation problem are reviewed from viewpoint of their used optimisation algorithms, objectives, decision variables, DG type, applied constraints and kind of uncertainty modelling. Based on the review of existing research works, the research gaps are identified and some helpful recommendations for future research on DG allocation will be provided. The author strongly believes that this paper can be helpful for researchers and engineers in the related field.

Allocation of distributed generation units in electric power systems: A review

Grid integrated renewable DG systems: A review of power quality challenges and state-of-the-art mitigation techniques

Congestion management with distributed generation and its impact on electricity market

Currently, distributed generation (DG) based on conventional energy sources and renewable energy sources (RESs) have played a vital role throughout the world. Energy policies are promoting distributed energy resources such as energy efficiency, increasing the number of DG installations and RESs planning. It can be observed that the load growth rates of countries are rapidly increasing. However, uncoordinated management of these alternative energy sources can put a severe stress on the power grid. To overcome from this problem, DGs are the best options for managing the need of energy. In this work, the robustness, sustainability and reliability of DG has been discussed with various aspects including different contingency scenario. Contingency analysis of a power system is a major action in power system planning and operation. This review covers the recent works done in the area of integration of DGs with various scenarios in electrical power systems. The main objective of this work is to study how to achieve a better integration of flexible demand as demand response, demand side management (DSM) with DGs and make the grid proficient. It then reviews the key results in this field and some of the interesting research challenges can be addressed are also acknowledged.

A review on distributed generation allocation and planning in deregulated electricity market

The proliferation of not only power electronics supported consumption technologies but also the expansion of the renewable-based distributed generation (DG) systems has given rise to severe power quality (PQ) phenomena in consort with the offered technical, economic and environmental benefits under deregulated environment. The forthcoming complexity of distribution power networks caused by incorporation of a large number of DG units in deregulated electricity market unquestionably makes PQ assessment procedure a quite cumbersome one. In present work, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) inspired methodology is proposed for PQ assessment of distorted distribution power systems under the presence of renewable-based DGs. The proposed PQ assessment approach is based on formulating a unified power quality index (UPQI) for assessing the overall PQ performance of individual buses of the network along with the entire distribution network (DN) considered taking four PQ phenomena, viz. voltage harmonics, voltage sags, voltage unbalance and steady-state voltage profile at each bus into account. t. The application significance of the presented methodology is established by utilizing it on an IEEE 13 bus test distribution system modified through incorporating the nonlinear loads and DG systems based on three types of RES namely, photovoltaic (PV), wind and fuel cell, in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The results achieved validates the efficacy of the presented approach in assessing the overall PQ performance of each of the buses and the entire DN along with benchmarking it with respect to the threshold level of unity. Based on obtained results, also the comparative analysis is performed among PQ performances of DN with selected three RES based DGs. Moreover, the impact of the employing the custom power devices (CPDs) as well as excessive penetration level of renewable energy over PQ performance of distribution network, are also investigated by the application of the formulated index.

/pdf/power-quality-assessment-of-distorted-distribution-networks-c0if32s50e.pdf

Power Quality Assessment of Distorted Distribution Networks Incorporating Renewable Distributed Generation Systems Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process

Amit Kumar Singh

Papers

Grid integrated renewable DG systems: A review of power quality challenges and state-of-the-art mitigation techniques

Congestion management with distributed generation and its impact on electricity market

A review on distributed generation allocation and planning in deregulated electricity market

Power Quality Assessment of Distorted Distribution Networks Incorporating Renewable Distributed Generation Systems Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process

Hosting capacity enhancement of renewable-based distributed generation in harmonically polluted distribution systems using passive harmonic filtering