Ammar Hussain

TL;DR: In this article, the authors employed a panel vector autoregression based on the generalized method of moments estimations to test the bidirectional association among healthcare expenditures, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, and human development index (HDI).

TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of ICT penetration on economic growth of four South Asian economies (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka) for the period from 1995 to 2016 was investigated.

Abstract: Corporate investment efficiency (CIE) is an imperative factor influencing the smooth functioning and financial sustainability of an enterprise. The role of a firm life cycle on risk and performance fundamentals has been extensively explored in the literature. However, it remains unclear as to whether the life cycle stages of a firm have any impact on corporate investment efficiency. This paper investigates the role of firm life cycle stages (FLCS) in determining the investment efficiency of 351 Pakistani non-financial listed firms over the course of 12 years (2005–2016). It used panel data fixed effects and ordinary least squares (OLS) techniques to empirically examine the proposed relationship. By employing Dickinson’s FLCS measure, we found that CIE was lower during the introduction and decline stages and higher at the growth and maturity stages of a firm’s life cycle. Moreover, the results of regression analysis revealed that mature firms enjoyed the highest level of investment efficiency followed by the growth firms. Overall, CIE exhibited an inverted U-shaped trend across FLCS. In addition, the findings corroborated the idea that the sample firms could not sustain their investment efficiency when they moved along different stages of the life cycle. Thus, policymakers are suggested to customize their investment policies for each stage of FLC to attain sustainable financial performance throughout the life of a firm.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared Pakistani and the UK consumers' purchase intentions toward counterfeit luxury products by focusing on the relationships between the following four factors: perceived quality, status consumption, low price, and ethics.

TL;DR: Li et al. as mentioned in this paper examined whether CLC stages explain firm's propensity to engage in both accrual base and real earning management practices in the context of China and found that managers' response to use both earnings management practices is significantly higher during introduction and decline phases, and lower during growth and mature stages of CLC.