Secret History: Return of the Black Death Channel 4, 7-8pm In 1348 the Black Death swept through London, killing people within days of the appearance of their first symptoms. Exactly how many died, and why, has long been a mystery. This Secret History documentary follows experts as they pick through the evidence and reveal why the plague killed on such a scale. And they ask, what might be coming next?

Medscape

on Statement: Society of Echocardiography is accreditedby theAccreditationCouncil for edical Education to provide continuingmedical education for physicians. n Society of Echocardiography designates this educational activity for of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits . Physicians should only claim credit te with the extent of their participation in the activity. CCI recognize ASE’s certificates and have agreed to honor the credit hours registry requirements for sonographers. Society of Echocardiography is committed to ensuring that its educational ll sponsored educational programs are not influencedby the special interests ation or individual, and itsmandate is to retain only those authors whose fists canbeeffectively resolved tomaintain thegoals andeducational integrity y. While a monetary or professional affiliation with a corporation does not fluence an author’s presentation, the Essential Areas and policies of the ire that any relationships that could possibly conflict with the educational activity be resolved prior to publication and disclosed to the audience. f faculty and commercial support relationships, if any, have been indicated. ience: is designed for all cardiovascular physicians and cardiac sonographers with erest and knowledge base in the field of echocardiography; in addition, reschers, clinicians, intensivists, and other medical professionals with a spein cardiac ultrasound will find this activity beneficial.

https://www.nationaljewish.org/getattachment/programs/directory/cardiology/pulmonary-hypertension-center/Echo-Guidelines-for-RV-JASE-2010.pdf.aspx

Guidelines for the Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart in Adults: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography Endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography

on Statement: Society of Echocardiography is accredited by the Accreditation Council for edical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. n Society of Echocardiography designates this educational activity for of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits . Physicians should only claim credit te with the extent of their participation in the activity. CCI recognize ASE’s certificates and have agreed to honor the credit hours registry requirements for sonographers. Society of Echocardiography is committed to ensuring that its educational ll sponsored educational programs are not influenced by the special interests ation or individual, and its mandate is to retain only those authors whose fists can be effectively resolved to maintain the goals andeducational integrity y. While a monetary or professional affiliation with a corporation does not fluence an author’s presentation, the Essential Areas and policies of the ire that any relationships that could possibly conflict with the educational activity be resolved prior to publication and disclosed to the audience. f faculty and commercial support relationships, if any, have been indicated. ience: is designed for all cardiovascular physicians and cardiac sonographers with erest and knowledge base in the field of echocardiography; in addition, reschers, clinicians, intensivists, and other medical professionals with a spein cardiac ultrasound will find this activity beneficial.

/pdf/guidelines-for-the-echocardiographic-assessment-of-the-right-vef53y5hmt.pdf

Guidelines for the Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart in Adults: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography

Summary Background Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. Methods In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Findings 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1·10, 95% CI 1·03–1·17, per year increase; p=0·0043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5·65, 2·61–12·23; p Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Funding Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development.

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

1. Place animal in induction chamber and anesthetize the mouse and ensure sedation. 2. Once the animal is sedated, move it to a nose cone for hair removal using cream. Only apply cream to the area of the chest that will be utilized for imaging. Once the hair is removed, wipe area with wet gauze to ensure all hair is removed. 3. Move the animal to the imaging platform and tape its paws to the ECG lead plates and insert rectal probe. Body temperature should be maintained at 36-37°C. During imaging, reduce anesthesia to maintain proper heart rate. If the animal shows signs of being awake, use a higher concentration of anesthetic.

人唾液天疱疮抗原的纯化

A simple method for noninvasive estimation of pulmonary vascular resistance

https://www.internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-5273(04)00040-3/pdf

Pregnancy and the cardiovascular system.

Background The ratio of tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV) to the time-velocity integral of the right ventricular outflow tract (TVI RVOT ) has been studied as a reliable measure to distinguish elevated from normal pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). The equation TRV/TVI RVOT × 10 + 0.16 (PVR echo ) has been shown to provide a good noninvasive estimate of PVR. However, its role in patients with significantly elevated PVR (> 6 Wood units [WU]) has not been conclusively evaluated. The aim of this study was to establish the validity of the TRV/TVI RVOT ratio as a correlate of PVR. The role of TRV/TVI RVOT was also compared with that of a new ratio, TRV 2 /TVI RVOT , in patients with markedly elevated PVR (>6 WU). Methods Data from five validation studies using TRV/TVI RVOT as an estimate of PVR were compared with invasive PVR measurements (PVR cath ). Multiple linear regression analyses were generated between PVR cath and both TRV/TVI RVOT and TRV 2 /TVI RVOT . Both PVR echo and a new derived regression equation based on TRV 2 /TVI RVOT : 5.19 × TRV 2 /TVI RVOT - 0.4 (PVR echo2 ) were compared with PVR cath using Bland-Altman analysis. Logistic models were generated, and cutoff values for both TRV/TVI RVOT and TRV 2 /TVI RVOT were obtained to predict PVR > 6 WU. Results One hundred fifty patients remained in the final analysis. Linear regression analysis between PVR cath and TRV/TVI RVOT revealed a good correlation ( r  = 0.76, P Z  = 0.92). There was a better correlation between PVR cath and TRV 2 /TVI RVOT ( r  = 0.79, P Z  = −0.01) in the entire cohort as well as in patients with PVR > 6 WU. Moreover, PVR echo2 compared better with PVR cath than PVR echo using Bland-Altman analysis in the entire cohort and in patients with PVR > 6 WU. TRV 2 /TVI RVOT and TRV/TVI RVOT both predicted PVR > 6 WU with good sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions TRV/TVI RVOT is a reliable method to identify patients with elevated PVR. In patients with TRV/TVI RVOT > 0.275, PVR is likely > 6 WU, and PVR echo2 derived from TRV 2 /TVI RVOT provides an improved noninvasive estimate of PVR compared with PVR echo .

Noninvasive assessment of pulmonary vascular resistance by Doppler echocardiography.

We performed a simultaneous Doppler and invasive study to validate the role of Doppler-derived peak pulmonary regurgitant velocity as a reliable noninvasive measure of pulmonary artery mean pressure. Assessment of right atrial pressure, as shown in this study, enhances the use of this Doppler parameter as a correlate of pulmonary artery mean pressure.

Echocardiographic determination of mean pulmonary artery pressure.

https://www.internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-5273(04)00030-0/pdf

Amr E. Abbas

Papers

A simple method for noninvasive estimation of pulmonary vascular resistance

Pregnancy and the cardiovascular system.

Noninvasive assessment of pulmonary vascular resistance by Doppler echocardiography.

Echocardiographic determination of mean pulmonary artery pressure.

Congenital absence of the pericardium: case presentation and review of literature