Amy Hughes

TL;DR: The development of pre-hospital emergency medicine into a sub-specialty in its own right should bring focus to this period of care, acknowledged as a crucial period when irreversible pathology and secondary injury to neuronal and cardiac tissue can be prevented.

TL;DR: A three-step operational learning framework is proposed that could be used for EMTs globally to ensure professional competence and license to practice, support adaptation of technical and non-technical professional capacities into the low-resource and emergency context and prepare for an effective team performance in the field.

TL;DR: These recommendations cover the initial response from the scene to the first receiving hospital and referral to specialist services, including clinical and logistical aspects.

TL;DR: There are lessons to be learned from out-of-hospital care, military medicine, humanitarian medicine, and disaster medicine that can inform in-hospital Medicine, and vice-versa.