https://www.chem.ccu.edu.tw/~joyce/referance/gump/IL/Chem.%20Rev.%201999,%2099,%202071.pdf

Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Solvents for Synthesis and Catalysis

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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Ionic liquids are salts that are liquid at low temperature (<100 degrees C) which represent a new class of solvents with nonmolecular, ionic character. Even though the first representative has been known since 1914, ionic liquids have only been investigated as solvents for transition metal catalysis in the past ten years. Publications to date show that replacing an organic solvent by an ionic liquid can lead to remarkable improvements in well-known processes. Ionic liquids form biphasic systems with many organic product mixtures. This gives rise to the possibility of a multiphase reaction procedure with easy isolation and recovery of homogeneous catalysts. In addition, ionic liquids have practically no vapor pressure which facilitates product separation by distillation. There are also indications that switching from a normal organic solvent to an ionic liquid can lead to novel and unusual chemical reactivity. This opens up a wide field for future investigations into this new class of solvents in catalytic applications.

Ionic Liquids-New "Solutions" for Transition Metal Catalysis.

In contrast to a recently expressed, and widely cited, view that “Ionic liquids are starting to leave academic labs and find their way into a wide variety of industrial applications”, we demonstrate in this critical review that there have been parallel and collaborative exchanges between academic research and industrial developments since the materials were first reported in 1914 (148 references)

Applications of ionic liquids in the chemical industry

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1021/cr300162p

Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) and Their Applications

New, hydrophobic ionic liquids with low melting points (<−30 °C to ambient temperature) have been synthesized and investigated, based on 1,3-dialkyl imidazolium cations and hydrophobic anions. Other imidazolium molten salts with hydrophilic anions and thus water-soluble are also described. The molten salts were characterized by NMR and elemental analysis. Their density, melting point, viscosity, conductivity, refractive index, electrochemical window, thermal stability, and miscibility with water and organic solvents were determined. The influence of the alkyl substituents in 1, 2, 3, and 4(5)-positions on these properties was scrutinized. Viscosities as low as 35 cP (for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide (bis(triflyl)amide) and trifluoroacetate) and conductivities as high as 9.6 mS/cm were obtained. Photophysical probe studies were carried out to establish more precisely the solvent properties of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)amide). The hydrophobi...

Hydrophobic, Highly Conductive Ambient-Temperature Molten Salts

Hydrophobic liquid salts of the general formula ##STR1## in which R 1 and R 3 are the same or different and each represent a straight or branched chain alkyl radical, a fluoroalkyl radical or an alkoxyalkyl radical of 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and R 2 , R 4 , and R 5 are the same or different and each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical with 1 to 3 carbon atoms. The invention has applications as an electrolyte solvent in electrochemical photovoltaic cells.

Hydrophobic liquid salts, the preparation thereof and their appliction in electrochemistry

Hydrophobic, Highly Conductive Ambient-Temperature Molten Salts. [Erratum to document cited in CA124:260267]

Hydrophobic liq. salts of formula (I) are new: R1,R3 = 1-8C (un)branched alkyl, fluoroalkyl, or alkoxyalkyl; R2,R4,R5 = H or 1-3C alkyl. Also claimed is: (a) the prepn. of such salts; (b) an electrolytic compsn. contg. (I) as aprotic polar solvent; and (c) an electrochemical photovoltaic cell contg. the electrolytic compsn..

Liquid hydrophobic salts, their preparation and their use in electrochemistry

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a new liquid hydrophobic salt having N,N'-dialkylimidazolium cation and bis-trifluoromethanesulfonylamide(CF 3 SO 2 )N - anion and having low viscosity at ambient temperatures. SOLUTION: The hydrophobic liquid salt is represented by general formula (I) (wherein, R 1 and R 3 are each a 1-8C straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl radical, fluoroalkyl radical or alkoxyalkyl radical; and R 2 , R 4 and R 5 are each H or a 1-3C alkyl radical). As a result, the hydrophobic liquid salt of general formula (I) is advantageously usable as an electrochemical solvent for electrochemical photocells or the like, or as a solvent for syntheses needing polar aprotic solvents. COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Ana-Paula Dias

Papers

Hydrophobic, Highly Conductive Ambient-Temperature Molten Salts

Hydrophobic liquid salts, the preparation thereof and their appliction in electrochemistry

Hydrophobic, Highly Conductive Ambient-Temperature Molten Salts. [Erratum to document cited in CA124:260267]

Liquid hydrophobic salts, their preparation and their use in electrochemistry

Hydrophobic liquid salt and method for producing the same and its application to electrochemistry