The lion's share of bacteria in various environments cannot be cloned in the laboratory and thus cannot be sequenced using existing technologies. A major goal of single-cell genomics is to complement gene-centric metagenomic data with whole-genome assemblies of uncultivated organisms. Assembly of single-cell data is challenging because of highly non-uniform read coverage as well as elevated levels of sequencing errors and chimeric reads. We describe SPAdes, a new assembler for both single-cell and standard (multicell) assembly, and demonstrate that it improves on the recently released E+V-SC assembler (specialized for single-cell data) and on popular assemblers Velvet and SoapDeNovo (for multicell data). SPAdes generates single-cell assemblies, providing information about genomes of uncultivatable bacteria that vastly exceeds what may be obtained via traditional metagenomics studies. SPAdes is available online ( http://bioinf.spbau.ru/spades ). It is distributed as open source software.

SPAdes, a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing ( 7th Annual SFAF Meeting, 2012)

The solar chemical composition is an important ingredient in our understanding of the formation, structure, and evolution of both the Sun and our Solar System. Furthermore, it is an essential refer ...

The Chemical Composition of the Sun

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), primarily from human fossil fuel combustion, reduces ocean pH and causes wholesale shifts in seawater carbonate chemistry. The process of ocean acidification is well documented in field data, and the rate will accelerate over this century unless future CO2 emissions are curbed dramatically. Acidification alters seawater chemical speciation and biogeochemical cycles of many elements and compounds. One well-known effect is the lowering of calcium carbonate saturation states, which impacts shell-forming marine organisms from plankton to benthic molluscs, echinoderms, and corals. Many calcifying species exhibit reduced calcification and growth rates in laboratory experiments under high-CO2 conditions. Ocean acidification also causes an increase in carbon fixation rates in some photosynthetic organisms (both calcifying and noncalcifying). The potential for marine organisms to adapt to increasing CO2 and broader implications for ocean ecosystems are not well known; both are high priorities for future research. Although ocean pH has varied in the geological past, paleo-events may be only imperfect analogs to current conditions.

/pdf/ocean-acidification-the-other-co-2-problem-4h18mw2cpj.pdf

Ocean Acidification: The Other CO 2 Problem

Climate change 2014 - Synthesis Report

About Supramolecular Assemblies of π-Conjugated Systems

The deep-sea coral, Enallopsammia rostrata, a member of the Dendrophylliidae family, is a major structure-forming species that creates massive dendroid colonies, up to 1 m wide and 0.5 m tall. Living colonies of E. rostrata have been collected using the PISCES submersibles from three locations from 480 to 788 m water depth in the Line Islands (similar to 160 degrees W) in the Equatorial Pacific. We have applied to these colonies a high sensitivity, low blank technique to determine U-series ages in small quantities (70 +/- 15 mg) of modern and near modern calcareous skeletons using MC-ICP-MS (Multi-collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer). The application of this method to living slow-growing colonies from a range of sites as well as the observations of axial growth patterns in thin sections of their skeletons offer the first expanded and well constrained data on longevity, growth pattern and mean growth rates in E. rostrata. Absolute dated specimens indicate life spans of colonies ranging from 209 +/- 8 yrs to 605 +/- 7 yrs with radial growth rates from 0.012 to 0.072 mm yr(-1) and vertical extension rates from 0.6 to 1.9 mm yr(-1). The linear growth rates reported here are lower than those reported for other deep-sea scleractinian corals (Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata). The U-series dating indicates that the growth ring patterns of E. rostrata are not consistent with annual periodicity emphasizing the importance of absolute radiometric dating methods to constrain growth rates. Slow accretion and extreme longevity make this species and its habitat especially vulnerable to disturbances and impacts from human activities. This dating method combined with observation of growth patterns opens up new perspectives in the field of deep-sea corals since it can provide quantitative estimates of growth rates and longevity of deep-sea corals in general.

Precise Uranium-series dating and growth characteristics of the deep-sea scleractinian coral: Enallopsammia rostrata from the Equatorial Pacific

Determination of Bulk-Carbon Contents in Seven IIIAB Iron Meteorites

Keywords: Chondrite Reference EPFL-CONF-177131View record in Web of Science Record created on 2012-05-15, modified on 2016-08-09

Chondrules of the first generation? Trace-element geochemistry of silicates from bencubbin/CH-like meteorites.

Different zoning patterns in metal grains from the CH and CBb chondrites: Evidence for a complicated cooling history of their nebular sources

/pdf/sangogu-ge-nowei-xiao-ling-yu-niokeruhua-xue-zu-cheng-nobu-4rpx1sw5ks.pdf

Anders Meibom

Papers

Precise Uranium-series dating and growth characteristics of the deep-sea scleractinian coral: Enallopsammia rostrata from the Equatorial Pacific

Determination of Bulk-Carbon Contents in Seven IIIAB Iron Meteorites

Chondrules of the first generation? Trace-element geochemistry of silicates from bencubbin/CH-like meteorites.

Different zoning patterns in metal grains from the CH and CBb chondrites: Evidence for a complicated cooling history of their nebular sources

サンゴ骨格の微小領域における化学組成の不均質性 : 石灰化プロセスの解明とサンゴ古水温計への応用 ( サンゴ年輪と低緯度の海洋環境)