There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Let's read! We will often find out this sentence everywhere. When still being a kid, mom used to order us to always read, so did the teacher. Some books are fully read in a week and we need the obligation to support reading. What about now? Do you still love reading? Is reading only for you who have obligation? Absolutely not! We here offer you a new book enPDFd the perception of the visual world to read.

The Perception of the Visual World. By James J. Gibson. U.S.A.: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1950 (George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., London). Price 35s.

This paper presents a new reflectance model for rendering computer synthesized images. The model accounts for the relative brightness of different materials and light sources in the same scene. It describes the directional distribution of the reflected light and a color shift that occurs as the reflectance changes with incidence angle. The paper presents a method for obtaining the spectral energy distribution of the light reflected from an object made of a specific real material and discusses a procedure for accurately reproducing the color associated with the spectral energy distribution. The model is applied to the simulation of a metal and a plastic.

A reflectance model for computer graphics

The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning

Cybersickness is an affliction common to users of virtual environments. Similar in symptoms to motion sickness, cybersickness can result in nausea, headaches, and dizziness. With these systems becoming readily available to the general public, reports of cybersickness have increased and there is a growing concern about the safety of these systems. This review presents the current state of research methods, theories, and known aspects associated with cybersickness. Current measurements of incidence of cybersickness are questionnaires, postural sway, and physiological state. Varying effects due to display and rendering modes, such as visual display type and stereoscopic or monoscopic rendering, are compared. The known and suspected application aspects that induce cybersickness are discussed. There are numerous potential contributing application design aspects, many of which have had limited study, but field of view and navigation are strongly correlated with cybersickness. The effect of visual displays is not well understood, and application design may be of greater importance.

Review on cybersickness in applications and visual displays

Analysis of driver behavior has been the purpose of many studies for several years. A new aspect is the introduction of electric vehicles on the car market and the fact drivers are more concerned with their consumptions in EV (Electric Vehicle) due to the lack of the appropriate infrastructures. However, only a few studies focusing on ecological behavior and consumption have been carried out. The primary goal of the present study was to assess empirically the impact of feedback on EV driving behavior involving autonomy management performance. We hypothesized that we could help the driver to manage his autonomy more efficiently if we’d give him feedback on his driving behavior and battery consumption. Our second hypothesis is that participants would allocate more attention on feedback information when they reach a critical battery autonomy situation, so the subjects had to drive a course with 100% and 15% autonomy left. Preliminary results indicate better driver performances and enhanced safety with econometer gauge feedback, probably due to the increased driver control and better applied driver attention.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01197472/document

Eco-Driving with Electric Cars: Effect of Continuous and On-Demand feedback on Driving Behavior and Safety

Augmented Reality information on Head-Up display (AR-HUD) in a car can be relevant for visual aid and for strengthening the safety of the driver. However, some display Parameters are necessary to guarantee the good perception of these information and the driving environment. In this study, we are interested on head motion parallax, and specifically the ones generated with lateral head movements of the driver. In fact, during natural observation this cue physiologically strengthens depth perception and its absence may impact driver perception. Our goal is to demonstrate the impact of the generated movements and the projection distance on driver’s perception, using an AR-HUD. This was investigated in terms of eye-comfort and driver preferences. In this article, we focus on the primary driving task with basic lane marking highlight, and we observe how the different conditions affect subject’s perception especially during curves negotiation. Results show the importance of eye-tracking when using an AR-HUD for alignment accuracy and better comfort which directly driver performance and safety.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01779331/document

Head Motion parallax effect on driving performances when using an AR-HUD: Simulation Study on Renault’s CARDs Simulator

In co-located collaborative environment for product design, new groupware of multi-view system allows multiple experts to have individual visual information. A co-located multi-view VR system and a multidisciplinary task have been created and studied. Results show that using multi-view VR system achieves a better effectiveness and user performance. Then, an application for collaborative ergonomic design is explored and an industrial multidisciplinary scenario is realized with proposed system.

/pdf/multi-view-vr-system-for-co-located-multidisciplinary-40f8aczpez.pdf

Multi-view VR system for co-located multidisciplinary collaboration and its application in ergonomic design

In this experiment, carried out at Renault, we studied size perception in virtual environments. Renault uses Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR and AR) technologies in the vehicle design process to visualize digital prototypes. Such simulations enable to take early decisions, in particular for vehicle architecture, which imply driver visibility performances and safety. We compared 1:1 scale perception of a cockpit through two different virtual reality systems: a Head Mounted Display (HMD), which can be used as virtual or augmented reality system, and a cylindrical screen vs. the physical 1:1 scale. We used HMD under three conditions. The first condition was basic virtual reality with head tracking. The second condition was identical, except for head-tracking which was turned off. Although this condition is not used in engineering simulations, we chose to study it in order to determine if head-tracking has an influence on size perception. As the HMD can be used as video see through augmented reality system (using video cameras), the third condition was augmented reality, to determine how body perception influences size perception. We used an adjustment task, to determine at which scale the cockpit must be displayed to subjects, to perceptually correspond to the 1:1 scale, i.e. the actual physical size. We show that differences exist between size perception using the HMD, and using the cylindrical screen. Underestimations seem to be more frequent when using cylindrical screen. Moreover, the level of knowledge of the vehicle and the virtual reality system also seems to influence subject’s size perception.

1:1 Scale Perception in Virtual and Augmented Reality

Driving simulation systems involve a combination of different computation codes. Although some of these modules are application-specific, their majority is reusable and state-of-the-art implementations are readily available in the open source community. This study investigates whether these open source libraries can combine to build a driving simulation application with reasonable performance. To this end, a component-oriented architecture is proposed, in which modules encapsulate relevant libraries behind a standard interface and exchange simulation data through a message passing interface. By integrating a render engine, a physics library and a simple vehicle dynamics model, we were able to rapidly build a functional minimal simulation application supporting distributed execution over a cluster of computers. As this architecture allows the transparent modification of module code and simplifies the addition of new modules, this kernel represents the foundations of an extensible and reconfigurable open source system dedicated to driving simulation. Details on this kernel application and ongoing development of this platform can found at http://open-s.sourceforge.net.

/pdf/software-assembly-and-open-standards-for-driving-simulation-1bjpdj94hg.pdf

Andras Kemeny

Papers

Eco-Driving with Electric Cars: Effect of Continuous and On-Demand feedback on Driving Behavior and Safety

Head Motion parallax effect on driving performances when using an AR-HUD: Simulation Study on Renault’s CARDs Simulator

Multi-view VR system for co-located multidisciplinary collaboration and its application in ergonomic design

1:1 Scale Perception in Virtual and Augmented Reality

Software assembly and open standards for driving simulation