Internet of Things (IoT) related applications have emerged as an important field for both engineers and researchers, reflecting the magnitude and impact of data-related problems to be solved in contemporary business organizations especially in cloud computing. This paper first provides a functional framework that identifies the acquisition, management, processing and mining areas of IoT big data, and several associated technical modules are defined and described in terms of their key characteristics and capabilities. Then current research in IoT application is analyzed, moreover, the challenges and opportunities associated with IoT big data research are identified. We also report a study of critical IoT application publications and research topics based on related academic and industry publications. Finally, some open issues and some typical examples are given under the proposed IoT-related research framework.

IoT-Based Big Data Storage Systems in Cloud Computing: Perspectives and Challenges

The deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) results in an enlarged attack surface that requires end-to-end security mitigation. IoT applications range from mission-critical predicaments (e.g., Smart Grid, Intelligent Transportation Systems , video surveillance, e-health) to business-oriented applications (e.g., banking, logistics, insurance, and contract law). There is a need for comprehensive support of security in the IoT, especially for mission-critical applications, but also for the down-stream business applications. A number of security techniques and approaches have been proposed and/or utilized. Blockchain mechanisms (BCMs) play a role in securing many IoT-oriented applications by becoming part of a security mosaic, in the context of a defenses-in-depth/Castle Approach. A blockchain is a database that stores all processed transactions – or data – in chronological order , in a set of computer memories that are tamperproof to adversaries. These transactions are then shared by all participating users. Information is stored and/or published as a public ledger that is infeasible to modify; every user or node in the system retains the same ledger as all other users or nodes in the network. This paper highlights some IoT environments where BCMs play an important role, while at the same time pointing out that BCMs are only part of the IoT Security (IoTSec) solution.

Blockchain mechanisms for IoT security

Internet of Things (IoT), mobile cloud, cloudlet, mobile IoT, IoT cloud, fog, mobile edge, and edge emerging computing paradigms: Disambiguation and research directions

Internet of Things and Big Data as enablers for business digitalization strategies

To cope with large fluctuations in the demand of a commodity, it is necessary for the manufacturing system to have rapid reactive ability. This requirement may be secured by performance measurement. Although manufacturing companies have used information systems to manage performance, there has been the difficulty of capturing real-time data to depict real situations. The recent development and application of the Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled the resolution of this problem. In demonstration of the functionality of IoT, we developed an IoT-based performance model consistent with the ISA-95 and ISO-22400 standards, which define manufacturing processes and performance indicator formulas. The development comprised three steps: (1) Selection of the Key Performance Indicators of the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), and the development of an IoT-based production performance model, (2) Implementation of the IoT-based architecture and performance measurement process using Business Process Modelling and...

Developing performance measurement system for Internet of Things and smart factory environment

The Internet of Things (IoT) has grown in recent years to a huge branch of research: RFID, sensors and actuators as typical IoT devices are increasingly used as resources integrated into new value added applications of the Future Internet and are intelligently combined using standardised software services. While most of the current work on IoT integration focuses on areas of the actual technical implementation, little attention has been given to the integration of the IoT paradigm and its devices coming with native software components as resources in business processes of traditional enterprise resource planning systems. In this paper, we identify and integrate IoT resources as a novel automatic resource type on the business process layer beyond the classical human resource task-centric view of the business process model in order to face expanding resource planning challenges of future enterprise environments.

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Internet of things-aware process modeling: integrating iot devices as business process resources

The component “thing” of the Internet of Things does not yet exist in current business process modeling standards. The “thing” is the essential and central concept of the Internet of Things, and without its consideration we will not be able to model the business processes of the future, which will be able to measure or change states of objects in our real-world environment. The presented approach focuses on integrating the concept of the Internet of Things into the meta-model of the process modeling standard BPMN 2.0 as standard-conform as possible. By a terminological and conceptual delimitation, three components of the standard are examined and compared towards a possible expansion. By implementing the most appropriate solution, the new thing concept becomes usable for modelers, both as a graphical and machine-readable element.

The Things of the Internet of Things in BPMN

The vision of a multitude of heterogeneous, connected devices interacting with parts of its physical environment, known as the Internet of Things (IoT), has gained momentum over the last years. For traditional business information systems the integration of the IoT leads to the emergence of new value-added business processes that make use of its representative devices such as RFID, sensors and actuators, as entirely new resources. One promising approach in the IoT domain is a real-world service integration method based on Representational State Transfer (REST) principles expedited by the initiative Web of Things (WoT). The connection of classical Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems commonly based on service oriented architectures coming with heavy-weight services and the resource oriented WoT coming with RESTful services for its limited devices is still a complex problem on both sides. In this paper, we propose a bi-directional integration approach of current Business Process Management (BPM)-based ERP systems and the WoT to provide a foundation to connect and analyze legacy systems as well as Future Internet applications. By following a three phase BPM-lifecycle, we investigate how the process metamodel of the industry standard Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) can cover WoT specific components. Reversely, we examine how existing and useful business process information can be seamlessly included into the WoT respecting its essential architecture and applying a component-based approach.

An Approach for a Mutual Integration of the Web of Things with Business Processes

With the generalization of network-enabled devices such as smart phones, slate computers and tablets, new challenges await the eHealth research community. Indeed, these devices should not only integrate seamlessly into the daily workflow, but their usage must appear as ordinary as possible to the different caregivers. Using RESTful architectures, it is possible to model custom objects in the health domain as resources, interact with them and combine them to mashup applications, enhancing and facilitating in a natural way the work of caregivers.We claim that embedding eHealth workflows into the Web of Things is not only possible, but even enhances the whole process. An alert is no more an isolated event, but becomes connected to other resources providing additional information about its general context. In this paper, we illustrate some of the challenges of bringing REST to the eHealth domain by studying an existing hospital laboratory alerts system and by proposing to generalize it in order to encompass the whole escalating process and exchanges of information among caregivers, patients and their medical records.

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A WoT approach to eHealth: case study of a hospital laboratory alert escalation system

The web of things research activities consist essentially in developing concepts, tools and systems for creating and operating global networks of devices associated with embedded resources  RFID tags, sensors and even complex computing facilities  which are accessed by services. In that context, one of the most accepted standardisation technique in order to seamlessly integrate this huge set of heterogeneous services consists in RESTifying them. Whereas the integration of 'quickly computed' services is straight forward, the challenge remains for delayed, possibly decomposable services. We claim that this question represents an important challenge if one desires to enrich the potentialities of the web of things. In order to best contribute to its solution, this paper first proposes a classification of services into five categories with a special emphasis on tackling the problematic of the delayed and decomposable ones. It also advocates the use of WebSockets as the standard callback mechanism.

Andreas Ruppen

Papers

Internet of things-aware process modeling: integrating iot devices as business process resources

The Things of the Internet of Things in BPMN

An Approach for a Mutual Integration of the Web of Things with Business Processes

A WoT approach to eHealth: case study of a hospital laboratory alert escalation system

A RESTful architecture for integrating decomposable delayed services within the web of things