The gibberellins (GAs) are an important group of hormones which exert various effects on promoter and regulator of plant growth. Gibberellic acid (GA(3)) is a natural plant hormone, with great economical and industrial importance. It affects stem elongation, germination, elimination of dormancy, flowering, sex expression, enzyme induction and leaf and fruit senescence. Despite its diverse applications, the use of GA(3) is limited due to its high production costs. The industrial process currently used for the production of GA(3) is based on submerged fermentation (SmF) techniques. As an alternative for its production, solid state fermentation (SSF) has also been investigated for its ability to increase the yields of GA(3) with the use of agro-industrial wastes as support/substrate, which contributes to the decreased production costs. This review describes GA(3)'s physical, chemical and biological properties, its production by fermentation and new advances that are being carried out with special interest on the SSF technique.

New perspectives of gibberellic acid production: a review

Use of a low-cost methodology for biodetoxification of castor bean waste and lipase production.

Since its inception, solid-state fermentation has provided many daily necessities for human beings. However, at present, solid-state fermentation is developing slowly because of an absence of understanding of its essence and the fermentation process. Therefore, solid-state fermentation only constitutes a small part of the fermentation industry as a whole. Compared to liquid fermentation, heat transfer efficiency in solid fermentation is low, the parameters are difficult to monitor and control, and the design and amplification of bioreactors are difficult. This chapter summarizes recent research on the principles and applications of solidstate fermentation. The purposes of this chapter are not only to help readers understand the application of solid-state fermentation but also to encourage further consideration of the subject. This chapter clarifies the connotation and the status quo of solid-state fermentation and emphasizes the basic theory of biology and the principles of regulation and the transfer process. The applications and advantages of solid-state fermentation are stated. Solid-state fermentation engineering is divided into four parts: upstream, midstream, downstream and auxiliary technology; all are introduced in detail.

Modern Solid State Fermentation

Evaluation of acute toxicity and teratogenic effects of plant growth regulators by Daphnia magna embryo assay.

Background: The present study focused on utilization of agrowaste byproducts generated from oil mill for L-asparaginase enzyme production using Serratia marcescens under solid state fermentation. Classical and statistical methods were employed to optimize the process variables and the results were compared. Results: The classical one factor at a time (OFAT) and response surface methodology (RSM) are employed to optimize the fermentation process. When used as the sole carbon source in SSF, coconut oil cake (COC) showed maximum enzyme production. The optimal values of substrate amount, initial moisture content, pH and temperature were found to be 6 g, 40%, 6 and 35°C respectively under classical optimization method with maximum enzyme activity of 3.87 (U gds -1 ). Maximum enzyme activity of 5.86 U gds -1 was obtained at the predicted optimal conditions of substrate amount 7.6 g of COC, initial moisture content of substrate 50%, temperature 35.5°C and pH 7.4. Validation results proved that a good relation existed between the experimental and the predicted model. Conclusions: RSM optimization approach enhances the enzyme production to 33% when compared to classical method. Utilization of coconut oil cake as a low cost substrate in SSF for L-asparaginase production makes the process economical and also reduces the environmental pollution by converting the oil mill solid waste into a useful bioproduct.

/pdf/optimization-of-l-asparaginase-production-by-serratia-1s91wqzews.pdf

Optimization of L-asparaginase production by Serratia marcescens (NCIM 2919) under solid state fermentation using coconut oil cake

https://www.cec.uchile.cl/~dsaez/files/Coronaetal2005.pdf

Andrés Corona

Papers

Effect of water activity on gibberellic acid production by Gibberella fujikuroi under solid-state fermentation conditions