다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Every few years, a new material with unique properties emerges and fascinates the scientific community, typical recent examples being high-temperature superconductors and carbon nanotubes. Graphene is the latest sensation with unusual properties, such as half-integer quantum Hall effect and ballistic electron transport. This two-dimensional material which is the parent of all graphitic carbon forms is strictly expected to comprise a single layer, but there is considerable interest in investigating two-layer and few-layer graphenes as well. Synthesis and characterization of graphenes pose challenges, but there has been considerable progress in the last year or so. Herein, we present the status of graphene research which includes aspects related to synthesis, characterization, structure, and properties.

Graphene: The New Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial

We present the science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems, targeting an evolution in technology, that might lead to impacts and benefits reaching into most areas of society. This roadmap was developed within the framework of the European Graphene Flagship and outlines the main targets and research areas as best understood at the start of this ambitious project. We provide an overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials (GRMs), ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries. We also define an extensive list of acronyms in an effort to standardize the nomenclature in this emerging field.

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Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

Enhanced electroluminescent efficiency using a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) complex as an electron blocking (EB) material has been demonstrated in both green- and blue-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The resulting so-called BioLEDs showed a maximum luminous efficiency of 8.2 and 0.8cd∕A, respectively. The DNA-based BioLEDs were as much as 10× more efficient and 30× brighter than their OLED counterparts.

Enhanced emission efficiency in organic light-emitting diodes using deoxyribonucleic acid complex as an electron blocking layer

Scientists have recently discovered that DNA — 'the molecule of life' — is an exciting new material for fabricating photonic devices with enhanced properties.

DNA – a new material for photonics?

A phosphor-converted light-emitting diode was obtained with nearly ideal blue-to-white conversion loss of only 1%. This is achieved using internal reflection to steer phosphor emission away from lossy surfaces, a reflector material with high reflectivity, and a remotely located organic phosphor having (1) unity quantum efficiency (ηq), (2) homogeneous refractive index to minimize scattering, and (3) refractive index-matched to the encapsulation to eliminate total internal reflection. An inorganic composite phosphor is also reported with a nearly homogeneous refractive index to minimize diffuse scattering of emitted light, thereby maximizing the effective phosphor ηq and light extraction.

/pdf/a-nearly-ideal-phosphor-converted-white-light-emitting-diode-13l6xob3us.pdf

A nearly ideal phosphor-converted white light-emitting diode

Control of surface wetting properties to produce strongly hydrophobic or hydrophilic effects is at the heart of many macro- and microfluidic applications. In this work, we have investigated coaxial electrospinning to produce core−sheath-structured nano/microfibers that combine different properties from individual core and sheath materials. Teflon AF is an amorphous fluoropolymer that is widely utilized as a hydrophobic material. Hydrophobic fluoropolymers are normally not electrospinnable because their low dielectric constant prevents sufficient charging for a solution to be electrospun. The first Teflon electrospun fibers are reported using coaxial electrospinning with Teflon AF sheath and poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) core materials. Using these core/sheath fibers, superhydrophobic and oleophobic membranes have been successfully produced. These coaxial fibers also preserve the core material properties as demonstrated with mechanical tensile tests. The fact that a normally nonelectrospinnable material such ...

Superhydrophobic and Oleophobic Fibers by Coaxial Electrospinning

A review is presented of the fabrication, operation, and applications of rare-earth-doped GaN electroluminescent devices (ELDs). GaN:RE ELDs emit light due to impact excitation of the rare earth (RE) ions by hot carriers followed by radiative RE relaxation. By appropriately choosing the RE dopant, narrow linewidth emission can be obtained at selected wavelengths from the ultraviolet to the infrared. The deposition of GaN:RE layers is carried out by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy, and a plasma N/sub 2/ source. Growth mechanisms and optimization of the GaN layers for RE emission are discussed based on RE concentration, growth temperature, and V/III ratio. The fabrication processes and electrical models for both dc- and ac-biased devices are discussed, along with techniques for multicolor integration. Visible emission at red, green, and blue wavelengths from GaN doped with Eu, Er, and Tm has led to the development of flat-panel display (FPD) devices. The brightness characteristics of thick dielectric EL (TDEL) display devices are reviewed as a function of bias, frequency, and time. High contrast TDEL devices using a black dielectric are presented. The fabrication and operation of FPD prototypes are described. Infrared emission at 1.5 /spl mu/m from GaN:Er ELDs has been applied to optical telecommunications devices. The fabrication of GaN channel waveguides by inductively coupled plasma etching is also reviewed, along with waveguide optical characterization.

/pdf/rare-earth-doped-gan-growth-properties-and-fabrication-of-gckv8d1ejd.pdf

Andrew J. Steckl

Papers

Enhanced emission efficiency in organic light-emitting diodes using deoxyribonucleic acid complex as an electron blocking layer

DNA – a new material for photonics?

A nearly ideal phosphor-converted white light-emitting diode

Superhydrophobic and Oleophobic Fibers by Coaxial Electrospinning

Rare-earth-doped GaN: growth, properties, and fabrication of electroluminescent devices