ABCD
: Appropriate Blood pressure Control in Diabetes
ABI
: ankle–brachial index
ABPM
: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
ACCESS
: Acute Candesartan Cilexetil Therapy in Stroke Survival
ACCOMPLISH
: Avoiding Cardiovascular Events in Combination Therapy in Patients Living with Systolic Hypertension
ACCORD
: Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes
ACE
: angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACTIVE I
: Atrial Fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for Prevention of Vascular Events
ADVANCE
: Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron-MR Controlled Evaluation
AHEAD
: Action for HEAlth in Diabetes
ALLHAT
: Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart ATtack
ALTITUDE
: ALiskiren Trial In Type 2 Diabetes Using Cardio-renal Endpoints
ANTIPAF
: ANgioTensin II Antagonist In Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
APOLLO
: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Aliskiren in the Prevention of Major Cardiovascular Events in Elderly People
ARB
: angiotensin receptor blocker
ARIC
: Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities
ARR
: aldosterone renin ratio
ASCOT
: Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial
ASCOT-LLA
: Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial—Lipid Lowering Arm
ASTRAL
: Angioplasty and STenting for Renal Artery Lesions
A-V
: atrioventricular
BB
: beta-blocker
BMI
: body mass index
BP
: blood pressure
BSA
: body surface area
CA
: calcium antagonist
CABG
: coronary artery bypass graft
CAPPP
: CAPtopril Prevention Project
CAPRAF
: CAndesartan in the Prevention of Relapsing Atrial Fibrillation
CHD
: coronary heart disease
CHHIPS
: Controlling Hypertension and Hypertension Immediately Post-Stroke
CKD
: chronic kidney disease
CKD-EPI
: Chronic Kidney Disease—EPIdemiology collaboration
CONVINCE
: Controlled ONset Verapamil INvestigation of CV Endpoints
CT
: computed tomography
CV
: cardiovascular
CVD
: cardiovascular disease
D
: diuretic
DASH
: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
DBP
: diastolic blood pressure
DCCT
: Diabetes Control and Complications Study
DIRECT
: DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials
DM
: diabetes mellitus
DPP-4
: dipeptidyl peptidase 4
EAS
: European Atherosclerosis Society
EASD
: European Association for the Study of Diabetes
ECG
: electrocardiogram
EF
: ejection fraction
eGFR
: estimated glomerular filtration rate
ELSA
: European Lacidipine Study on Atherosclerosis
ESC
: European Society of Cardiology
ESH
: European Society of Hypertension
ESRD
: end-stage renal disease
EXPLOR
: Amlodipine–Valsartan Combination Decreases Central Systolic Blood Pressure more Effectively than the Amlodipine–Atenolol Combination
FDA
: U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FEVER
: Felodipine EVent Reduction study
GISSI-AF
: Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico-Atrial Fibrillation
HbA1c
: glycated haemoglobin
HBPM
: home blood pressure monitoring
HOPE
: Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation
HOT
: Hypertension Optimal Treatment
HRT
: hormone replacement therapy
HT
: hypertension
HYVET
: HYpertension in the Very Elderly Trial
IMT
: intima-media thickness
I-PRESERVE
: Irbesartan in Heart Failure with Preserved Systolic Function
INTERHEART
: Effect of Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors associated with Myocardial Infarction in 52 Countries
INVEST
: INternational VErapamil SR/T Trandolapril
ISH
: Isolated systolic hypertension
JNC
: Joint National Committee
JUPITER
: Justification for the Use of Statins in Primary Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin
LAVi
: left atrial volume index
LIFE
: Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertensives
LV
: left ventricle/left ventricular
LVH
: left ventricular hypertrophy
LVM
: left ventricular mass
MDRD
: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease
MRFIT
: Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
MRI
: magnetic resonance imaging
NORDIL
: The Nordic Diltiazem Intervention study
OC
: oral contraceptive
OD
: organ damage
ONTARGET
: ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial
PAD
: peripheral artery disease
PATHS
: Prevention And Treatment of Hypertension Study
PCI
: percutaneous coronary intervention
PPAR
: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
PREVEND
: Prevention of REnal and Vascular ENdstage Disease
PROFESS
: Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Secondary Strokes
PROGRESS
: Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study
PWV
: pulse wave velocity
QALY
: Quality adjusted life years
RAA
: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
RAS
: renin-angiotensin system
RCT
: randomized controlled trials
RF
: risk factor
ROADMAP
: Randomized Olmesartan And Diabetes MicroAlbuminuria Prevention
SBP
: systolic blood pressure
SCAST
: Angiotensin-Receptor Blocker Candesartan for Treatment of Acute STroke
SCOPE
: Study on COgnition and Prognosis in the Elderly
SCORE
: Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation
SHEP
: Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program
STOP
: Swedish Trials in Old Patients with Hypertension
STOP-2
: The second Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension
SYSTCHINA
: SYSTolic Hypertension in the Elderly: Chinese trial
SYSTEUR
: SYSTolic Hypertension in Europe
TIA
: transient ischaemic attack
TOHP
: Trials Of Hypertension Prevention
TRANSCEND
: Telmisartan Randomised AssessmeNt Study in ACE iNtolerant subjects with cardiovascular Disease
UKPDS
: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study
VADT
: Veterans' Affairs Diabetes Trial
VALUE
: Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use Evaluation
WHO
: World Health Organization

### 1.1 Principles

The 2013 guidelines on hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the European Society of Cardiology …

/pdf/2013-esh-esc-guidelines-for-the-management-of-arterial-4ydvs5ifsx.pdf

2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).

XI. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING DIABETES CARE D iabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes care is complex and requires that many issues, beyond glycemic control, be addressed. A large body of evidence exists that supports a range of interventions to improve diabetes outcomes. These standards of care are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payors, and other interested individuals with the components of diabetes care, treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. While individual preferences, comorbidities, and other patient factors may require modification of goals, targets that are desirable for most patients with diabetes are provided. These standards are not intended to preclude more extensive evaluation and management of the patient by other specialists as needed. For more detailed information, refer to Bode (Ed.): Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes (1), Burant (Ed): Medical Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2), and Klingensmith (Ed): Intensive Diabetes Management (3). The recommendations included are diagnostic and therapeutic actions that are known or believed to favorably affect health outcomes of patients with diabetes. A grading system (Table 1), developed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and modeled after existing methods, was utilized to clarify and codify the evidence that forms the basis for the recommendations. The level of evidence that supports each recommendation is listed after each recommendation using the letters A, B, C, or E.

Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes

ABI
: ankle–brachial index
ACCORD
: Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes
ADVANCE
: Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation
AGREE
: Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation
AHA
: American Heart Association
apoA1
: apolipoprotein A1
apoB
: apolipoprotein B
CABG
: coronary artery bypass graft surgery
CARDS
: Collaborative AtoRvastatin Diabetes Study
CCNAP
: Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions
CHARISMA
: Clopidogrel for High Athero-thrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilisation, Management, and Avoidance
CHD
: coronary heart disease
CKD
: chronic kidney disease
COMMIT
: Clopidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial
CRP
: C-reactive protein
CURE
: Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events
CVD
: cardiovascular disease
DALYs
: disability-adjusted life years
DBP
: diastolic blood pressure
DCCT
: Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
ED
: erectile dysfunction
eGFR
: estimated glomerular filtration rate
EHN
: European Heart Network
EPIC
: European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
EUROASPIRE
: European Action on Secondary and Primary Prevention through Intervention to Reduce Events
GFR
: glomerular filtration rate
GOSPEL
: Global Secondary Prevention Strategies to Limit Event Recurrence After MI
GRADE
: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation
HbA1c
: glycated haemoglobin
HDL
: high-density lipoprotein
HF-ACTION
: Heart Failure and A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise TraiNing
HOT
: Hypertension Optimal Treatment Study
HPS
: Heart Protection Study
HR
: hazard ratio
hsCRP
: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
HYVET
: Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial
ICD
: International Classification of Diseases
IMT
: intima-media thickness
INVEST
: International Verapamil SR/Trandolapril
JTF
: Joint Task Force
LDL
: low-density lipoprotein
Lp(a)
: lipoprotein(a)
LpPLA2
: lipoprotein-associated phospholipase 2
LVH
: left ventricular hypertrophy
MATCH
: Management of Atherothrombosis with Clopidogrel in High-risk Patients with Recent Transient Ischaemic Attack or Ischaemic Stroke
MDRD
: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease
MET
: metabolic equivalent
MONICA
: Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease
NICE
: National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence
NRT
: nicotine replacement therapy
NSTEMI
: non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
ONTARGET
: Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial
OSA
: obstructive sleep apnoea
PAD
: peripheral artery disease
PCI
: percutaneous coronary intervention
PROactive
: Prospective Pioglitazone Clinical Trial in Macrovascular Events
PWV
: pulse wave velocity
QOF
: Quality and Outcomes Framework
RCT
: randomized clinical trial
RR
: relative risk
SBP
: systolic blood pressure
SCORE
: Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation Project
SEARCH
: Study of the Effectiveness of Additional Reductions in Cholesterol and
SHEP
: Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program
STEMI
: ST-elevation myocardial infarction
SU.FOL.OM3
: SUpplementation with FOlate, vitamin B6 and B12 and/or OMega-3 fatty acids
Syst-Eur
: Systolic Hypertension in Europe
TNT
: Treating to New Targets
UKPDS
: United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study
VADT
: Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial
VALUE
: Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use
VITATOPS
: VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke
VLDL
: very low-density lipoprotein
WHO
: World Health Organization

### 1.1 Introduction

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a chronic disorder developing insidiously throughout life and usually progressing to an advanced stage by the time symptoms occur. It remains the major cause of premature death in Europe, even though CVD mortality has …

/pdf/european-guidelines-on-cardiovascular-disease-prevention-in-4z4nw4311i.pdf

European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Version 2012)

Hypertension is the most common condition seen in primary care and leads to myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, and death if not detected early and treated appropriately. Patients want to be assured that blood pressure (BP) treatment will reduce their disease burden, while clinicians want guidance on hypertension management using the best scientific evidence. This report takes a rigorous, evidence-based approach to recommend treatment thresholds, goals, and medications in the management of hypertension in adults. Evidence was drawn from randomized controlled trials, which represent the gold standard for determining efficacy and effectiveness. Evidence quality and recommendations were graded based on their effect on important outcomes. There is strong evidence to support treating hypertensive persons aged 60 years or older to a BP goal of less than 150/90 mm Hg and hypertensive persons 30 through 59 years of age to a diastolic goal of less than 90 mm Hg; however, there is insufficient evidence in hypertensive persons younger than 60 years for a systolic goal, or in those younger than 30 years for a diastolic goal, so the panel recommends a BP of less than 140/90 mm Hg for those groups based on expert opinion. The same thresholds and goals are recommended for hypertensive adults with diabetes or nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) as for the general hypertensive population younger than 60 years. There is moderate evidence to support initiating drug treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, calcium channel blocker, or thiazide-type diuretic in the nonblack hypertensive population, including those with diabetes. In the black hypertensive population, including those with diabetes, a calcium channel blocker or thiazide-type diuretic is recommended as initial therapy. There is moderate evidence to support initial or add-on antihypertensive therapy with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker in persons with CKD to improve kidney outcomes. Although this guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for the management of high BP and should meet the clinical needs of most patients, these recommendations are not a substitute for clinical judgment, and decisions about care must carefully consider and incorporate the clinical characteristics and circumstances of each individual patient.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/articlepdf/1791497/jsc130010.pdf

2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Report From the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8)

Because of new evidence on several diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of hypertension, the present guidelines differ in many respects from the previous ones. Some of the most important differences are listed below: 
1. Epidemiological data on hypertension and BP control in Europe. 
2. Strengthening of the prognostic value of home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) and of its role for diagnosis and management of hypertension, next to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). 
3. Update of the prognostic significance of night-time BP, white-coat hypertension and masked hypertension. 
4. Re-emphasis on integration of BP, cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, asymptomatic organ damage (OD) and clinical complications for total CV risk assessment. 
5. Update of the prognostic significance of asymptomatic OD, including heart, blood vessels, kidney, eye and brain. 
6. Reconsideration of the risk of overweight and target body mass index (BMI) in hypertension. 
7. Hypertension in young people. 
8. Initiation of antihypertensive treatment. More evidence-based criteria and no drug treatment of high normal BP. 
9. Target BP for treatment. More evidence-based criteria and unified target systolic blood pressure (SBP) (<140 mmHg) in both higher and lower CV risk patients. 
10. Liberal approach to initial monotherapy, without any all-ranking purpose. 
11. Revised schema for priorital two-drug combinations. 
12. New therapeutic algorithms for achieving target BP. 
13. Extended section on therapeutic strategies in special conditions. 
14. Revised recommendations on treatment of hypertension in the elderly. 
15. Drug treatment of octogenarians. 
16. Special attention to resistant hypertension and new treatment approaches. 
17. Increased attention to OD-guided therapy. 
18. New approaches to chronic management of hypertensive disease

/pdf/2013-esh-esc-guidelines-for-the-management-of-arterial-4eubk4p0u3.pdf

2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)

P-261: An A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin II AT1 receptor gene does not influence the diagnosis of arterial hypertension during 7 years follow up

Wstep: Inhibitory konwertazy angiotensyny (ACE) nalezą do grupy lekow mających istotne znaczenie w leczeniu wspomagającym w zawale serca, szczegolnie u chorych ze znacznym upośledzeniem funkcji lewej komory i niską frakcją wyrzutową. Korzyści te zostaly potwierdzone wynikami wielkich prob klinicznych, takich jak: SAVE, GISSI 3, AIRE, TRACE, ISIS-4, oceniających role inhibitorow ACE we wtornej prewencji zawalu serca. Poniewaz nie badano dotychczas wplywu inhibitorow ACE o przedluzonym dzialaniu na dobowy profil ciśnienia tetniczego krwi i czestośc akcji serca u chorych z ostrym zawalem mieśnia sercowego, przeprowadziliśmy badanie, ktorego celem byla ocena wplywu inhibitora ACE - trandolaprylu, stosowanego we wczesnej fazie zawalu mieśnia sercowego na profil dobowy ciśnienia tetniczego. Metody: Badania przeprowadzone zostaly wśrod 40 chorych, hospitalizowanych w I Klinice Chorob Serca z powodu świezego zawalu mieśnia sercowego. Grupa leczona skladala sie z 16 kolejnych chorych, 10 mezczyzn i 6 kobiet, w wieku 61 ± 8 lat, z frakcją wyrzutową lewej komory 51% ± 9%. Pacjentom w tej grupie podawano w trzeciej dobie zawalu trandolapryl doustnie w dawce 2 mg. Grupe kontrolną stanowilo 24 kolejnych pacjentow z ostrym zawalem mieśnia sercowego, 15 mezczyzn i 9 kobiet, w wieku 57 ± 10 lat, z frakcją wyrzutową lewej komory 54% ± 9%. Pacjentom w grupie kontrolnej nie podano inhibitora ACE do trzeciej doby od przyjecia do Kliniki wlącznie. 24-godzinny pomiar ciśnienia tetniczego krwi skurczowego (SBP) i rozkurczowego (DBP) oraz czestości akcji serca (HR) wykonano w trzeciej dobie zawalu w obu badanych grupach. 
Wyniki: Średnie 24-godzinne SBP w grupie leczonej trandolaprylem nie roznilo sie istotnie w porownaniu do grupy kontrolnej (110 ± 15 mm Hg vs 118 ± 13 mm Hg, p = 0,07). Podobnie nie wykazaliśmy roznic znamiennych statystycznie w wypadku średniego 24-godzinnego DBP miedzy badanymi grupami (67 ± 9 mm Hg vs 71 ± 9 mm Hg, p = 0,24). Średnie 24-godzinne HR w obu badanych grupach byly niemal identyczne ( 74 ± 11/min vs 75 ± 11/min, p = 0,3). Natomiast wykazano znamienną statystycznie roznice średniej wartości iloczynu HR x SBP dla okresu miedzy 4 a 20 godziną od podania leku miedzy badanymi grupami. Najwieksze obnizenie wartości tego iloczynu obserwowano miedzy godzinami 8-10 oraz 14-16 po podaniu trandolaprylu. 
Wnioski: Uzyskane przez nas wyniki dobowego pomiaru skurczowego i rozkurczowego ciśnienia tetniczego nie wykazują znacznych spadkow ciśnienia tetniczego w pierwszej dobie stosowania trandolaprylu w dawce 2 mg, podawanego doustnie w trzeciej dobie ostrego zawalu serca.

Profil dobowy ciśnienia tętniczego po pierwszej dawce trandolaprylu w ostrym zawale mięśnia sercowego

https://www.internationaljournalofcardiology.com/article/S0167-5273(13)01437-X/pdf

Autologous transplantation of bone marrow stem cells prepared by the point-of-care system in a patient with myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery chronic total occlusion.

Wstep: Nadciśnieniu tetniczemu czesto towarzyszą inne czynniki ryzyka o charakterze metabolicznym i humoralnym. Powoduje to, ze ryzyko związane ze wzrostem ciśnienia tetniczego nie jest ograniczone do zaburzen hemodynamicznych. Celem naszej pracy bylo zbadanie rozkladu czestości wystepowania wybranych czynnikow ryzyka miazdzycy oraz analiza ilościowa globalnego zagrozenia incydentami wiencowymi. Metody: Badaniem objeto 926 osob, 751 mezczyzn i 175 kobiet, w wieku 44 ± 9 lat. U kazdego z nich określono poziom glikemii oraz cholesterolu calkowitego, frakcji HDL i trojglicerydow, z ktorych wyliczono poziom cholesterolu frakcji LDL oraz stosunek cholesterolu calkowitego do cholesterolu frakcji HDL. Zmierzono ciśnienie tetnicze, mase ciala, wzrost, obwod talii i bioder, wyliczono wskaźnik masy ciala i stosunek obwodu talii do bioder. Wykonano rowniez standardowe 12-odprowadzeniowe EKG. Za pomocą algorytmu opartego na danych pochodzących z badania Framingham Heart Study obliczono ryzyko incydentu wiencowego w ciągu nastepnych 10 lat. Pacjentow podzielono na grupy w zalezności od wartości ciśnienia tetniczego wedlug zalecen ISH. 
Wyniki: Średnie oszacowane globalne ryzyko incydentu wiencowego w ciągu nastepnych 10 lat wynosilo 6,8% w grupie z prawidlowym ciśnieniem tetniczym, 11,9% w grupie z nadciśnieniem lagodnym i 17,1% w grupie z nadciśnieniem ciezkim (p 
Wnioski: Wyniki naszego badania wskazują na mozliwośc istotnej redukcji ryzyka choroby niedokrwiennej serca, szczegolnie u osob chorych na nadciśnienie tetnicze.

Cummulation of coronary artery disease risk factors in arterial hypertension

Wstep: W ostatnich latach przeprowadzono intensywne badania nad rolą polimorfizmow roznych genow, ktorych produkty są związane z ukladem renina-angiotensyna-aldosteron w patogenezie chorob ukladu krązenia. Ostatnio opisano wystepowanie polimorfizmu niekodującego odcinka genu receptora angiotensyny II typu 1 (AT1), ktory polega na transwersji adeniny na cytozyne w pozycji 1166 (A1166C). Niektorzy autorzy stwierdzili, iz allel C polimorfizmu A1166C genu receptora AT1 jest niezaleznym czynnikiem ryzyka zawalu mieśnia sercowego (MI) oraz wyzszego ciśnienia tetniczego. Jednakze wyniki badan dotyczące chorych z roznych populacji takiego związku nie wykryly. Celem naszych wstepnych badan bylo określenie czestości wystepowania wariantow polimorfizmu A1166C genu receptora AT1 w grupie mlodszych pacjentow z angiograficznie potwierdzoną istotną miazdzycą naczyn wiencowych i określenie potencjalnego związku genotypu receptora AT1 ze stopniem zaawansowania zmian w naczyniach wiencowych oraz z wystepowaniem nadciśnienia tetniczego, zawalu mieśnia sercowego i obciązenia rodzinnego chorobą niedokrwienną serca (CHD) w wywiadzie. Metody: Badania przeprowadzone zostaly w grupie 95 pacjentow (90 mezczyzn i 5 kobiet) w wieku ponizej 50 lat (średni wiek 44 ± 4 lata) z CHD potwierdzoną badaniem koronarograficznym; 35% z nich mialo w wywiadzie nadciśnienie tetnicze, 76% przebyty MI, a 60% obciązający wywiad rodzinny w kierunku CHD. Analize polimorfizmu A1166C genu receptora AT1 wykonano przy pomocy lancuchowej reakcji polimerazy DNA (PCR), nastepnie trawienia otrzymanego produktu enzymem restrykcyjnym DdeI i elektroforezy uzyskanych fragmentow na zelu agarozowym. Wyniki: Zaobserwowany rozklad czestości genotypow w badanej grupie (AA - 65%, AC - 31% i CC - 4%) pozostawal w zgodzie z prawem Hardy'ego-Weinberga. Nie stwierdzono istotnego związku miedzy polimorfizmem A1166C genu receptora AT1 a przebytym MI (wzgledne ryzyko CC + AC vs AA = 0,9, p = 0,85), nadciśnieniem tetniczym w wywiadzie (wzgledne ryzyko CC+AC vs AA = 0,57, p = 0,25), obciązającym wywiadem rodzinnym w kierunku CHD (wzgledne ryzyko AC + CC vs AA = 0,97, p = 0,96) oraz liczbą zmienionych naczyn wiencowych w badaniu koronarograficznym (wzgledne ryzyko CC + AC vs AA = 1,09, p = 0,85). Nie wykazano rowniez istotnego powiązania badanego polimorfizmu z podstawowymi czynnikami ryzyka CHD, takimi jak: wiek, indeks masy ciala, stezenie cholesterolu i trojglicerydow w osoczu, wystepowania cukrzycy oraz palenie tytoniu. 
Wnioski: Uzyskane przez nas wyniki nie potwierdzają związku polimorfizmu A1166C genu receptora AT1 z czestszym wystepowaniem zawalu serca, nadciśnienia tetniczego i obciązającego wywiadu rodzinnego w kierunku CHD oraz ze stopniem zaawansowania zmian miazdzycowych w naczyniach wiencowych wśrod 95 pacjentow z koronarograficznie potwierdzoną chorobą wiencową ponizej 50 rz.

Andrzej Rynkiewicz

Papers

P-261: An A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin II AT1 receptor gene does not influence the diagnosis of arterial hypertension during 7 years follow up

Profil dobowy ciśnienia tętniczego po pierwszej dawce trandolaprylu w ostrym zawale mięśnia sercowego

Autologous transplantation of bone marrow stem cells prepared by the point-of-care system in a patient with myocardial ischemia due to coronary artery chronic total occlusion.

Cummulation of coronary artery disease risk factors in arterial hypertension

Brak związku polimorfizmu genu receptora angiotensyny II typu 1 (AT1) z nadciśnieniem tętniczym i chorobą wieńcową u pacjentów poniżej 50 roku życia