http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5610941/5624686/05624745.pdf

Power electronics

Charging–discharging coordination between electric vehicles and the power grid is gaining interest as a de-carbonization tool and provider of ancillary services. In electric vehicle applications, the aggregator acts as the intelligent mediator between the power grid and the vehicle. In recent years, researchers have introduced the concepts of aggregated energy management, centralized-decentralized planning, and ideal charging–discharging through improved technologies and integrated energy planning. These methods have the technical ability to adapt the distribution network according to load, aggregator-controlled optimal charging–discharging, demand management systems, strategic load assessments, and management. A comprehensive review suggests that large-scale electric vehicle charging technologies for controlled charging–discharging is becoming a pitfall within the grid and distribution network. This paper reviews several controlled charging–discharging issues with respect to system performance, such as overloading, deteriorating power quality, and power loss. Thus, it highlights a new approach in the form of multistage hierarchical controlled charging–discharging. The challenges and issues faced by electric vehicle applications are also discussed from the aggregator's point of view.

A review of strategic charging–discharging control of grid-connected electric vehicles

Many different types of electric vehicle (EV) charging technologies are described in literature and implemented in practical applications. This paper presents an overview of the existing and proposed EV charging technologies in terms of converter topologies, power levels, power flow directions and charging control strategies. An overview of the main charging methods is presented as well, particularly the goal is to highlight an effective and fast charging technique for lithium ions batteries concerning prolonging cell cycle life and retaining high charging efficiency. Once presented the main important aspects of charging technologies and strategies, in the last part of this paper, through the use of genetic algorithm, the optimal size of the charging systems is estimated and, on the base of a sensitive analysis, the possible future trends in this field are finally valued.

/pdf/electric-vehicles-charging-technology-review-and-optimal-1oewmefr4x.pdf

Electric Vehicles Charging Technology Review and Optimal Size Estimation

Review on non-isolated DC-DC converters and their control techniques for renewable energy applications

Power electronics contribution to renewable energy conversion addressing emission reduction: Applications, issues, and recommendations

The merit of switched-capacitors-based multilevel inverters (SCMLIs) is generally quantified in terms of a “cost function” (CF) that incorporates parameters such as voltage gain, component count, total standing voltage (TSV), and number of levels. In this article, a 13-level inverter is proposed with the aim of achieving a low value of CF. The proposed single-stage SCMLI uses one input source and three capacitors to attain a voltage gain of 3. It requires 13 power switches, of which the peak inverse voltage (PIV) of nine switches is restricted to the source voltage. The remaining four switches have PIV equal to twice the source voltage and they operate at low frequency. Thus, for all switches, the PIV is less than the amplitude of the output voltage. Moreover, the capacitors are self-balanced at all regions of modulation index values. The proposed inverter is validated through simulation and experimental results. A comparison of the proposed topology with other contemporary SCMLIs shows that it is highly competent in terms of CF, PIV and TSV requirements, waveform resolution, and capability to achieve voltage balancing of capacitors at low values of modulation index.

A Switched-Capacitors-Based 13-Level Inverter

Cleaner functional dyeing of wool using Kigelia Africana natural dye and Terminalia chebula bio-mordant

A single-stage-based integrated power electronic converter has been proposed for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). The proposed converter achieves all modes of vehicle operation, i.e. plug-in charging, propulsion and regenerative braking modes with wide voltage conversion ratio (
 M
) [
 M
 <; 1 as well as M
 > 1] in each mode. Therefore, a wide variation of battery voltage can be charged from the universal input voltage (90-260 V) and allowing more flexible control for capturing regenerative braking energy and dc-link voltage. The proposed converter has least components compared to those existing converters which have stepping up and stepping down capability in all modes. Moreover, a single switch operates in pulse width modulation in each mode of converter operation hence control system design becomes simpler and easy to implement. To correctly select the power stage switches, a loss analysis of the proposed converter has been investigated in ac/dc and dc/dc stages. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the operation of the converter.

Single-stage ZETA-SEPIC-based multifunctional integrated converter for plug-in electric vehicles

A novel integrated converter for electric vehicles (EVs) is proposed in this article. For battery-charging operation, the proposed converter system enables a complementary deployment of the utility grid and a solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Since both sources (acting one at a time) utilize the same converter, the developed charging system, therefore, has a smaller number of components. In addition, an inductor voltage detection (IVD) technique has been incorporated to correct the power factor (PF) in continuous conduction mode (CCM), which eliminates the need for a current sensor for PF correction (PFC). The proposed system operates for all the modes required for an EV, e.g., charging, propulsion (PRN), and regenerative braking (RBG). In charging mode (with either grid or solar PV), the proposed system operates as an isolated secondary ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) converter. In PRN and RBG modes, it operates as a boost converter and a buck converter, respectively. Details of all these modes are described in the article, along with the design of the components. In addition, results of simulation and experimental studies are presented for a 1-kW setup based on the proposed configuration. A comparison with other topologies shows the technoeconomic competence of the proposed system.

An Integrated Converter With Reduced Components for Electric Vehicles Utilizing Solar and Grid Power Sources

This work deals with the development of a multifunctional power electronic converter (PEC) utilizing dual power sources (grid and solar photovoltaic (PV)) for charging phenomenon of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). The developed configuration accomplished all modes of vehicles (charging, propulsion (PP) and regenerative braking (RB)). In standstill condition of vehicle, the battery is either charged by grid or simultaneously by both grid and solar PV system. In running mode, the battery can also be charged through RB operation by utilizing kinetic energy of vehicle wheels. The proposed converter operates as an isolated SEPIC in plug-in charging (PIC) mode and as a non-isolated SEPIC in solar PV charging mode. Further, in PP and RB modes, operation of the proposed PEC as a conventional boost converter and conventional buck converter, respectively. Both the simulation and experimental validations for all modes of the proposed converter have been presented.

Ankit Kumar Singh

Papers

A Switched-Capacitors-Based 13-Level Inverter

Cleaner functional dyeing of wool using Kigelia Africana natural dye and Terminalia chebula bio-mordant

Single-stage ZETA-SEPIC-based multifunctional integrated converter for plug-in electric vehicles

An Integrated Converter With Reduced Components for Electric Vehicles Utilizing Solar and Grid Power Sources

A Multifunctional Solar PV and Grid Based On-Board Converter for Electric Vehicles