The sociological literature on pharmacy is sparse, relative to that on physicians and nurses, especially in light of recent changes in the nature of health care and pharmacy's expanded ‘clinical’ role. Moreover, some of this literature presents contradictory perceptions of the clinical pharmacy role; some are perceiving it as encroaching on physicians' role boundaries, while others perceive its few new tasks to be delegated. This article is based on extended participant observation of clinical pharmacists in two northeastern teaching hospitals in the U.S. Data are presented on the clinical tasks the pharmacists performed, the potential boundary conflicts they posed for other members of the medical team, the resolutions of these conflicts, and the role boundaries perceived by relevant participants. From this analysis it is argued that the literature on pharmacy's boundary encroachment is not so much contradictory as incomplete. Implications for pharmacy and the analysis of role boundaries is discussed in conclusion.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1467-9566.ep10492129

Boundary encroachment and task delegation: clinical pharmacists on the medical team

This paper examines the relationship of socialization to role content, change in role attitudes and behaviors over time, and working relationships for graduates of a nurse-practitioner training program. The formal socialization in training and that occurring in the work setting in enactment of the role as a graduate professional resulted in the practice of certain skills on which both agents of socialization were in agreement. But in regard to other skills, attitudes, and expectations, the socialization received in training conflicted with socialization in the work setting. In some of these areas, the nurse practitioner could negotiate to practice in conformance with earlier socialization. But practitioners were not able to change the work setting sufficiently to replicate the socialization model of their training. Professional socialization is therefore seen as a two-step process in which the skills and values acquired in training must be adjusted to the demands of the work setting, the relative power of the professional to choose alternatives being the intervening variable.

Nurse practitioners: issues in professional socialization.

The first geographically extensive survey of rotifers in New England (U.S.A.) bogs is presented. Rotifers were collected during the summers of 1999 and 2000 from 31 bogs occurring throughout Vermont and Massachusetts, and in northwestern Connecticut. The survey incorporates three microhabitats within bogs: the bog ponds, interstitial (pore) water, and water-filled leaves of the northern pitcher-plant, Sarracenia purpurea L. Species similarity of these three habitats was low (Jaccard indices of similarity <0.25). During the survey over 50 000 individuals in 38 species were collected including Cephalodella anebodica Berzins and Colurella obtusa clausa (Hauer) which are reported for the first time from North America. Fifteen new species records for New England, 5 for Connecticut, 26 for Massachusetts and 20 for Vermont are also reported. Species richness of rotifers increased significantly with bog elevation but not with latitude, longitude, or bog area. The current known North American distribution of the rotifers we found in these bogs is presented for comparison.

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Diversity of rotifers from northeastern U.S.A. bogs with new species records for North America and New England

Exploring the lived experience of Jordanian male nurses: A phenomenological study.

Recent scholarship on Zionism has shown Orientalism to be a pregnant concept through which to study the formation of Jewish society and culture in Palestine and later Israel. As this body of scholarship suggests, Zionist self-perception as an outpost of Western civilization in the Orient has played a fundamental role in shaping both Zionism's relations to the Palestinians and to its “internal Others”—mizrahi, literally, Oriental Jews. Indeed, it was Zioinist Orientalism which created the mizrahi category in the first place, turning heterogeneous Asian, North African, and Palestine's Sephardic Jewish communities into a single, supposedly coherent group in need of modernization and civilization, against which the ‘westernness’ of European ashkenazi Jews was repeatedly asserted. What these studies often overlook is that the Zionist ‘civilizing mission’ was initially directed at (east) European Jews. Thus, for many of the “culture builders” who during the mandate years operated in the yishuv—the Jewish community of Palestine—Jewish westernness was deemed a project, something yet to be achieved.

“Interpreters of Occident to the Awakening Orient”: The Jewish Public Health Nurse in Mandate Palestine

The emergence of modern nursing

s, 15(1 1), 2 pages. 241. Gallagher, J.J. 1957. Cyclomorphosis in the rotifer Keratella cochlearis Gosse. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 76(2): 197-203. 242. Gallagher, J.J. 1957. Generic classification of the Rotifera. Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, 31:182-187. 243. Gallagher, J.J. 1958. Rotifers of the Snake River Valley, Idaho. Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science, 32:225-228. 244. Gallagher, J.J. 1962. The influence of food, predation, pH, and temperature on invertebrate aquatic population fluctuations—a hypothesis. Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences, 25:25-31. 245. Gallagher, J.J. 1965. Winter rotifers of Bayou de Siard, Monroe, Louisiana. Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences, 28:31-40. 246. Gallagher, J.J. 1966. Rotifers new to Louisiana. Proceedings of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences, 29:59-63. 247. Galliford, A.L. 1948. Microscopic organisms of some brackish pools at Leasowe, Wirral, Cheshire. The North Western Naturalist,

Bibliography and species citation index of world literature on Rotifera in the John J. Gallagher collection

The responsibility to select and admit students to undergraduate nurse education programmes generally falls with university admission teams and nurse educators. Recent conversations with ‘Sarah’, a woman in her eighties, and with ‘Joe’, an undergraduate student, prompted us to reflect on how processes and criteria for admission have evolved over time and how these continue to be contentious. They prompted us also to revisit discussions regarding student qualities appropriate for current and future nursing practice and the most reliable methods to select students with these qualities. Students who will be future registrants and nurse leaders. Reminiscing about her life choices, Sarah expressed sadness that she was unable to ‘train’ as a nurse in the 1950’s. This was, she said, because she was under the required height of 5 foot (152 cms). A height restriction was not then unusual, with the rationale that nurses needed to be sufficiently tall to assist with lifting patients at a time when beds could not be lowered. There were also weight restrictions, requiring a BMI of under 30, in some places. Further, there were rules requiring that student nurses remain unmarried. In addition to what now seem indefensible requirements, there was a focus on character and constitution. In the 1900’s, for example, nurses entering the profession were subjected to ‘stringent scrutiny’ and needed to be deemed of ‘good stock’ and ‘high character’. Student nurse, Joe, questioned current occupational health student screening processes as he witnessed peers experiencing acute anxiety in the course of clinical skills practise sessions. There is some evidence that different educational strategies evoke different levels of anxiety in students and that this reduces as the programme progresses. Health and well-being requirements of potential student nurses are reviewed by university admission and occupational health teams and nurse educators. The United Kingdom Nursing and Midwifery Council also specifies particular ‘health and character requirements’ that deem students suitable for the profession of nursing. This does not mean that applicants with health conditions or disabilities are prevented from enrolling and there is support for this. However it is also important to make explicit health requirements to reduce or prevent unnecessary risks to students, care recipients or to institutions charged with safe practice.

Admission to undergraduate nurse education programmes: Who should be selected?

Educational Administration in Nursing

grounds. Every day, including Sunday, the H was invaded by bothersome people demanding admittance. These disrupters called "Patients" were given numbers and called 1010XX because MHP never paid enough attention to recognize them by name. With groans and with sullen glares the miiP would abuse the 1010XX by artfully contrived delays and by requiring them to fill in long, boring, irrelevant forms before admitting them to the H. The 1010XX would finally be given beds. Further, charts

Anna Helen Gallagher

Papers

The emergence of modern nursing

Bibliography and species citation index of world literature on Rotifera in the John J. Gallagher collection

Admission to undergraduate nurse education programmes: Who should be selected?

Educational Administration in Nursing

A PHANTASY (With References)