The final training of the master's degree on Right to Food and Rural Development, between June 18 th , 2012 and January 11 st , 2013, was held at the Foundation for Education and Development (FED), in Bissau. From it, resulted this document which describes the activities performed: (i) research and translation of teaching materials; (ii) support the development of curricula for technical courses in the agricultural domain, (iii) support training at the Training and Production Centre of Nhacra-Teda; (iv) organizing meetings on Food Security and on Associations and Cooperatives; (v) short study on the food situation in 15 communities benefiting from projects managed by FED and (vi) webpage. FED aims to support community development and has focused its activities on education, food security and health areas and operates in the sectors of Nhacra and Safim. Once Guinea-Bissau is largely affected by food insecurity, with 22% of the population undernourished, all the work done to counter these facts is of major importance. Despite the work developed by FED in the communities, we concluded that they still don’t meet the parameters which allow achieving food security.

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Relatório de Estágio Profissionalizante

IntroductionPre-school and primary school age are considered most favorable for training difficult coordination motor actions [Pachomov et al., 2014; Kozina, 2015; Lahno, Hanjukova, & Cherniavska, 2015; Podrigalo, Iermakov, Galashko, Galashko, & Dzhym, 2015; Ilnytska et al., 2016; Kozina, Iermakov, Kuzmin, Kudryavtsev, & Galimov, 2016]. It is no accident, in the section of sports such as gymnastics, dance, figure skating, children are recruited at the age of 4-5 years before. Moreover, currently in other sports as well as a trend towards increasingly early set of children.At an early age the child's body is developing rapidly, in a short time acquires a wealth of information, including - and motor [Kozina, 2015; Podrigalo et al., 2015; Ilnytska et al., 2016]. Under development implies a qualitative change in multicellular organisms, which occur due to the differentiated processes (increasing diversity of cell structures) and lead to qualitative and quantitative changes in the body's functions [Yushina, Nekipelova, Sirotina, Sobyanin, & Zhernakova, 2014; Sobko, 2015].The relationship is shown the growth and development, in particular that of certain steps may advance only when a certain body size. According to recent data in the literature [Aziz, Chia, Singh, & Wahid, 2011; AlRavashdeh, Kozina, Bazilyuk, & Ilnickaya, 2015; Zaporozhanov, Borachinski, & Nosko, 2015], there is a connection of physiological functions to the size and shape of the body [Zhanneta et al., 2015; Bliznevsky, Kudryavtsev, Iermakov, & Jagiello, 2016]. As established by modern experimental and theoretical research on the relationship of structure and function of various organs and systems [Kozina et al., 2015], physical development, describing the geometrical dimensions of the body and its proportions, directly affect the functioning of any and all organs and body systems [Korobeynikov, 2002; Korobeynikov, Korobeynikova, 2003]. This is due to the fact that the weight and body surface area largely determine the rate of metabolism in the body [Kozina, & Iermakov, 2015; Zhanneta et al., 2015]. From these theoretical statements, it can be concluded that for the body of a small size, which is the body baby, characterized by the following features: 1 - high values of relative performance compared to adults (oxygen consumption, the amount of the main bodies, that is, heart, lung, etc.). Therefore it is quite natural for a child to move a lot more than adults; 2 - high heat transfer rates in combination with a higher basal metabolic rate as compared to adults leads to faster fatigue [Gupta, Balasekaran, Govindaswamy, Hwa, & Shun, 2011; Dolomatov et al., 2014; Dragomiretskaya et al., 2015].In this regard, there is a need to develop a special methodology of teaching motor actions in climbing primary school children, as in climbing are just beginning to be established theoretical and methodological foundations of the training process.The purpose of work - both theoretically and experimentally justify the methodology of construction of training process of young climbers 6-7 years at the initial stage of preparation.Materials and methodsTo achieve the objectives used the following research methods: analysis and synthesis of the literature data, teacher testing, pedagogical experiment, the method of recording the heart rate using a heart rate monitor models «Polar», Letunov's test, psychophysiological testing of the program "Psychodiagnostings", methods of mathematical statistics using "EXCEL" computer programs, «SPSS».Of the psychophysiological research methods apply certain simple reaction to visual stimuli. The tests were conducted on the "Psychodiagnostings" program [Kozina, Barybina, Mishchenko, Zigunov, & Kozin, 2011]. The program allows to determine the physiological features - the speed of simple and complex reaction with various modes of operation, as well as the properties of the nervous system. …

Motor Skills Formation Technique in 6 to 7-Year-Old Children Based on Their Psychological and Physical Features (Rock Climbing as an Example)

Rapid sample-saving biophysical characterisation and long-term storage stability of liquid interferon alpha2a formulations: Is there a correlation?

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. In addition, low physical activity is a risk factor for cardiac and cerebrovascular complications. Objectives: This study examined potential relationships between physical activity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and an exercise test in liver-graft recipients. Patients and Methods: A total of 107 participants (62 men/45 women) who had received a liver transplantation (LT) at least 6 months previously were evaluated. Physical activity was assessed using three different questionnaires, while HRQoL was assessed using the medical outcomes study short form (SF)-36 questionnaire, and health behaviors were evaluated using the health behavior inventory (HBI). The exercise test was performed in a standard manner. Results: Seven participants (6.5%) had a positive exercise test, and these individuals were older than those who had a negative exercise test (P = 0.04). A significant association between a negative exercise test and a higher level of physical activity was shown by the Seven-day physical activity recall questionnaire. In addition, HRQoL was improved in various domains of the SF-36 in participants who had a negative exercise test. No correlations between physical activity, the exercise test and healthy behaviors, as assessed via the HBI were observed. Conclusions: Exercise test performance was affected by lower quality of life and lower physical activity after LT. With the exception of hypertension, well known factors that affect the risk of coronary artery disease had no effect on the exercise test results.

Factors Affecting Exercise Test Performance in Patients After Liver Transplantation.

Experience of application of natural (littlemineralized gidrokarbonatno-sulfatno-khloridnoi of natrium mineral water) is reflected in the article but physical factors (vibroacoustic and elektromagnitnim by radiation edge visokochastotnogo band) for patients with chronic viral hepatitis of С on a background standard antiviral therapy. It is well-proven that application of this curative complex assists the considerable increase of efficiency of antiviral treatment, normalization of the state of organs of hepatopankreatobiliarnoi zone and improvement of quality of life of this category of patients. Streszczenie Висока розпоширеність у всіх країнах світу, схильність щодо прогресування із переходом у цироз печінки та гепатоцелюлярну карциному, а також поки що невисока ефективність етіотропного лікування – ось основні фактори, які обумовлюють актуальність проблеми хронічних вірусних гепатитів [4, 7]. За даними ВОЗ, в світі близька 800 млн. людей потерпають  від хронічної форми HCV-інфекції, з темпи росту її суттєво перевищують всі інші захворювання. Ці дані дають змогу стверджувати про розповсюдженість HCV в останні 20—30 років, переважно серед молодих людей  [3, 4]. Метою нашої роботи було вивчення ефективності поєднаного застосування стандартної противірусної терапії, маломінералізованої гідрокарбонатно-сульфатно-хлоридно-натрієвої мінеральної води, процедур КВЧ- та віброакустичної терапії у хворих на ХВГС. Матеріали та методи дослідження. В динаміці обстежено 72 хворих на ХВГС (генотип 1b, фаза реплікації, мінімального та середнього ступеня активності) із супутньою патологією органів травлення. Діагноз ХВГС і ступінь його активності встановлювали згідно до Міжнародної класифікації хронічних гепатитів  (Лос-Анджелес, 1994). Оцінка ефективності лікування проводилася через 6 місяців від початку лікування, якісне та кількісне визначення РНК НСV ПЛР проводилось через 1, 3 та 6 місяців від початку терапії. Результати проведених досліджень оброблялися загальноприйнятими засобами варіаційної статистики, розраховували середні абсолютних та відносних величин, їх помилки, критерій певності Фішера-Ст’юдента. Аналіз результатів загальноклінічного дослідження крові визначило прискорення ШОЕ та моноцитоз у 13,8% та 16,6% обстежених відповідно. Всі інші показники гемограми у всіх хворих знаходились в межах нормальних величин. Вивчення імунологічного статусу хворих на ХВГС до початку лікування визначило зниження рівня показників Т-клітинного імунітету у більшості обстежених. Так у 44,4% пацієнтів спостерігалося зниження рівня CD4-лімфоцитів та імунорегуляторного індексу CD4/CD8. У 37,5% обстежених визначено підвищення рівня CD8-лімфоцитів та рівня В-лімфоцитів. В усіх хворих  визначалась активна реплікація інфекції НСV в сироватці крові за даними ПЛР. Впровадження в практику амбулаторного та санаторно-курортного лікування хворих на ХВГС комплексного поєднаного застосування стандартної ПВТ, маломінералізованої гідрокарбонатно-сульфатно-хлоридної натрієвої МВ, процедур віброакустичної та КВЧ-терапії дозволить підвищити ефективність противірусного лікування, нормалізувати стан органів гепатопанкреатобіліарної зони, покращити якість життя хворих, що страждають на хронічний вірусний гепатит С.

APPLICATION OF NATURAL AND PHYSICAL FACTORS IS IN TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VIRAL HEPATITIS С - GROUND OF THE USE. Застосування природних та преформованих фізичних чинників в лікуванні хворих на хронічний вірусний гепатит С - обґрунтування

INTRODUCTION The presence of background HCV infection cannot be overestimated in view of the prevalence of chronic hepatitis C and the risk of adverse outcomes of this disease. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined use of antiviral therapy (Roferon + Vero-Ribavirin) and resort factors in patients with chronic hepatitis C in the phase of replication. MATERIAL AND METHODS We observed 48 patients with chronic hepatitis C; the minimum level of activity of the process defined the phase of replication. Markers of HCV infection were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (a-HCV and HCV-Ig M). HCV RNA was determined twice by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Genotyping of hepatitis C virus was performed. Biochemical blood analysis and the study of HCV infection markers were carried out four times. Results of therapy were assessed immediately after the end of the resort (spa) treatment, then at 3, 6 and 12 months after starting treatment. At 12 months after starting treatment, all the observed patients had persistent clinical and biochemical remission. Elimination of the virus from the blood was noted in 56% of the control group and 74% of patients in the study group. CONCLUSIONS For patients with moderately active HCV, the replication phase was characterized by asthenic-vegetative syndrome (100% of patients) with severe depression (22.92%), pain (77.08%) and dyspeptic syndrome (33.33%), moderate hypertransferaseemia (100%), slightly pronounced cholestasis (33% of patients), and signs of mesenchymal-inflammatory response.

https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/med.2015.10.issue-1/med-2015-0032/med-2015-0032.xml

Use of antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic pathology that is increasingly diagnosed in different countries. The pathogenesis of NAFLD associated with insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, impaired adipokine secretion, that is, components of metabolic syndrome. Treatment of NAFLD should be comprehensive and lengthy, although there are no standardized approaches to the treatment of NAFLD. Meanwhile, drug therapy carries certain risks: the development of serious adverse reactions with prolonged use. The work highlights modern views on the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, drug and non-drug treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Experimental and clinical studies on the mechanism of biological action, the effects of using different in composition and mineralization of mineral waters on the course of NAFLD had presented. Based on experimental and clinical studies, ideas about the specificity of the action of mineral waters of various balneological types and mineralization on the clinical course of NAFLD at different stages of the disease, the effect on the functional state of the liver, and the dynamics of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism had detailed. It is concluded that mineral waters could be successfully used in the complex treatment of NAFLD patients.

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Possibilities of using natural mineral waters in the treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastric pathologies. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the healing effects of mineral waters (MW). Methods Ninety patients with GERD were under observation. The study used the following methods: anamnestic, clinical, studies of biochemical blood parameters, ultrasonographic studies of the digestive system, fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy with intragastric pH-metric. After preliminary research, all patients were randomly divided into three groups of 30 people. The control group (group 1) who were prescribed a basic treatment complex-dietary and proton pump inhibitor group drugs. Patients of group 2 in addition to the standard course of treatment received boric highly mineralized bicarbonate sodium water. Patients of group 3 in addition to the basic therapy were prescribed an internal course treatment of highly mineralized sulfate-bicarbonate sodium-magnesium water. Results The use of the basic complex of treatment for a month in control group did not lead to a significant leveling of signs of dyspeptic and asthenic syndromes. The use of boron highly mineralized sodium bicarbonate water led to a significant leveling of signs of abdominal pain and dyspeptic syndromes, improvement of acid-forming function of the stomach, but no reliable dynamics were observed in eliminating signs of cytolytic, mesenchymal inflammatory and cholestatic syndromes. Application of highly mineralized sulfate-hydrocarbonate sodium magnesium water improves the elimination of dyspepsia and pain syndromes, normalization of the functional state of the liver. Conclusions The obtained data confirm the prospects of using highly mineralized mineral waters in the complex treatment of GERD patients.

Anna Izha

Papers

Use of antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Possibilities of using natural mineral waters in the treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Application of mineral waters in the complex treatment of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.