The final training of the master's degree on Right to Food and Rural Development, between June 18 th , 2012 and January 11 st , 2013, was held at the Foundation for Education and Development (FED), in Bissau. From it, resulted this document which describes the activities performed: (i) research and translation of teaching materials; (ii) support the development of curricula for technical courses in the agricultural domain, (iii) support training at the Training and Production Centre of Nhacra-Teda; (iv) organizing meetings on Food Security and on Associations and Cooperatives; (v) short study on the food situation in 15 communities benefiting from projects managed by FED and (vi) webpage. FED aims to support community development and has focused its activities on education, food security and health areas and operates in the sectors of Nhacra and Safim. Once Guinea-Bissau is largely affected by food insecurity, with 22% of the population undernourished, all the work done to counter these facts is of major importance. Despite the work developed by FED in the communities, we concluded that they still don’t meet the parameters which allow achieving food security.

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Relatório de Estágio Profissionalizante

Purpose: to work out methodic of arm wrestling successfulness prognostication by morphological functional indicators and substantiate it. Material: 189 sportsmen (of age 21.62 +- 0.85 years) were tested. We fulfilled goniometric testing of arms’ joints (n=27) and hand dynamometry (n=50). Characteristics of physiological tremor were studied (n=29). Strength of forearm’s muscles was determined (n=33) as well as the strength of hand fingers’ extensors separately (n=50). Prognostication was realized with the help of sequential procedure by Wald’s methodic, with calculation of prognostic coefficients and their informative potential. Results: prognostic table, containing functional state indicators of arm-wrestlers. It contained 18 criteria. The criteria illustrate power, goniometric and functional indicators. Informative potential varied within 64.70 - 6.33. The sense of prognosis is assessment of results and determination of appropriate prognostic coefficient. Besides, prognosis implies summing up of these coefficients for achievement of one of prognostic thresholds. The value of these thresholds was determined at level of +- 13, that corresponds to 95% probability. Achievement of threshold + 13 and more means sportsman’s successfulness higher level. In case of lower threshold achievement successfulness probability is low. Conclusions: the conducted researches permitted to work out methodic of arm wrestling successfulness prognostication by morphological functional indicators and substantiate it. The offered methodic is based on sequential analysis by Wald and is a simple, informative and objective tool of arm-wrestlers’ condition control.

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Prognostication of successfulness in arm-wrestling on the base of morphological functional indicators’ analysis

IntroductionPre-school and primary school age are considered most favorable for training difficult coordination motor actions [Pachomov et al., 2014; Kozina, 2015; Lahno, Hanjukova, & Cherniavska, 2015; Podrigalo, Iermakov, Galashko, Galashko, & Dzhym, 2015; Ilnytska et al., 2016; Kozina, Iermakov, Kuzmin, Kudryavtsev, & Galimov, 2016]. It is no accident, in the section of sports such as gymnastics, dance, figure skating, children are recruited at the age of 4-5 years before. Moreover, currently in other sports as well as a trend towards increasingly early set of children.At an early age the child's body is developing rapidly, in a short time acquires a wealth of information, including - and motor [Kozina, 2015; Podrigalo et al., 2015; Ilnytska et al., 2016]. Under development implies a qualitative change in multicellular organisms, which occur due to the differentiated processes (increasing diversity of cell structures) and lead to qualitative and quantitative changes in the body's functions [Yushina, Nekipelova, Sirotina, Sobyanin, & Zhernakova, 2014; Sobko, 2015].The relationship is shown the growth and development, in particular that of certain steps may advance only when a certain body size. According to recent data in the literature [Aziz, Chia, Singh, & Wahid, 2011; AlRavashdeh, Kozina, Bazilyuk, & Ilnickaya, 2015; Zaporozhanov, Borachinski, & Nosko, 2015], there is a connection of physiological functions to the size and shape of the body [Zhanneta et al., 2015; Bliznevsky, Kudryavtsev, Iermakov, & Jagiello, 2016]. As established by modern experimental and theoretical research on the relationship of structure and function of various organs and systems [Kozina et al., 2015], physical development, describing the geometrical dimensions of the body and its proportions, directly affect the functioning of any and all organs and body systems [Korobeynikov, 2002; Korobeynikov, Korobeynikova, 2003]. This is due to the fact that the weight and body surface area largely determine the rate of metabolism in the body [Kozina, & Iermakov, 2015; Zhanneta et al., 2015]. From these theoretical statements, it can be concluded that for the body of a small size, which is the body baby, characterized by the following features: 1 - high values of relative performance compared to adults (oxygen consumption, the amount of the main bodies, that is, heart, lung, etc.). Therefore it is quite natural for a child to move a lot more than adults; 2 - high heat transfer rates in combination with a higher basal metabolic rate as compared to adults leads to faster fatigue [Gupta, Balasekaran, Govindaswamy, Hwa, & Shun, 2011; Dolomatov et al., 2014; Dragomiretskaya et al., 2015].In this regard, there is a need to develop a special methodology of teaching motor actions in climbing primary school children, as in climbing are just beginning to be established theoretical and methodological foundations of the training process.The purpose of work - both theoretically and experimentally justify the methodology of construction of training process of young climbers 6-7 years at the initial stage of preparation.Materials and methodsTo achieve the objectives used the following research methods: analysis and synthesis of the literature data, teacher testing, pedagogical experiment, the method of recording the heart rate using a heart rate monitor models «Polar», Letunov's test, psychophysiological testing of the program "Psychodiagnostings", methods of mathematical statistics using "EXCEL" computer programs, «SPSS».Of the psychophysiological research methods apply certain simple reaction to visual stimuli. The tests were conducted on the "Psychodiagnostings" program [Kozina, Barybina, Mishchenko, Zigunov, & Kozin, 2011]. The program allows to determine the physiological features - the speed of simple and complex reaction with various modes of operation, as well as the properties of the nervous system. …

Motor Skills Formation Technique in 6 to 7-Year-Old Children Based on Their Psychological and Physical Features (Rock Climbing as an Example)

Rapid sample-saving biophysical characterisation and long-term storage stability of liquid interferon alpha2a formulations: Is there a correlation?

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. In addition, low physical activity is a risk factor for cardiac and cerebrovascular complications. Objectives: This study examined potential relationships between physical activity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and an exercise test in liver-graft recipients. Patients and Methods: A total of 107 participants (62 men/45 women) who had received a liver transplantation (LT) at least 6 months previously were evaluated. Physical activity was assessed using three different questionnaires, while HRQoL was assessed using the medical outcomes study short form (SF)-36 questionnaire, and health behaviors were evaluated using the health behavior inventory (HBI). The exercise test was performed in a standard manner. Results: Seven participants (6.5%) had a positive exercise test, and these individuals were older than those who had a negative exercise test (P = 0.04). A significant association between a negative exercise test and a higher level of physical activity was shown by the Seven-day physical activity recall questionnaire. In addition, HRQoL was improved in various domains of the SF-36 in participants who had a negative exercise test. No correlations between physical activity, the exercise test and healthy behaviors, as assessed via the HBI were observed. Conclusions: Exercise test performance was affected by lower quality of life and lower physical activity after LT. With the exception of hypertension, well known factors that affect the risk of coronary artery disease had no effect on the exercise test results.

Factors Affecting Exercise Test Performance in Patients After Liver Transplantation.

INTRODUCTION The presence of background HCV infection cannot be overestimated in view of the prevalence of chronic hepatitis C and the risk of adverse outcomes of this disease. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined use of antiviral therapy (Roferon + Vero-Ribavirin) and resort factors in patients with chronic hepatitis C in the phase of replication. MATERIAL AND METHODS We observed 48 patients with chronic hepatitis C; the minimum level of activity of the process defined the phase of replication. Markers of HCV infection were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (a-HCV and HCV-Ig M). HCV RNA was determined twice by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Genotyping of hepatitis C virus was performed. Biochemical blood analysis and the study of HCV infection markers were carried out four times. Results of therapy were assessed immediately after the end of the resort (spa) treatment, then at 3, 6 and 12 months after starting treatment. At 12 months after starting treatment, all the observed patients had persistent clinical and biochemical remission. Elimination of the virus from the blood was noted in 56% of the control group and 74% of patients in the study group. CONCLUSIONS For patients with moderately active HCV, the replication phase was characterized by asthenic-vegetative syndrome (100% of patients) with severe depression (22.92%), pain (77.08%) and dyspeptic syndrome (33.33%), moderate hypertransferaseemia (100%), slightly pronounced cholestasis (33% of patients), and signs of mesenchymal-inflammatory response.

https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/med.2015.10.issue-1/med-2015-0032/med-2015-0032.xml

Use of antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

The paper reviews scientific and practical aspects of research on the metabolism of nitrates into nitrate (nitrite) reductase in the nitric oxide cycle in fish under hypoxic conditions. Literature data are given about enzymes involved in nitrate reductase reactions and how oxygen shortage affects their activity. The environmental factors that may participate in the processes of nitrate reduction to nitrites as well as the ones which may influence the kinetics of nitrate in fishes are considered. Examined results indicate that certain components of the conservative L-arginine-dependent nitric oxide cycle pass in a number of vertebrate animals. Then, the contour cycle of nitric oxide in the fish shows a wide range of diversity which is represented by phylogenetically ancient biochemical mechanisms of nitrite (nitrate) reductase. First of all, the presence or absence of hemoglobin is distinguished. Secondly, a wider range of expression of different myoglobin isoforms appears. Furthermore, the kinetics of nitrates in fish is distinctly dependent on abiotic environmental factors. The analysis of the literature confirms the thesis that nitrates are an important substrate for the nitrate (nitrite) reductase loop cycle of nitric oxide in fishes. Secondly, their role in the compensation of arginineindependent NO synthesis increases with decreasing oxygen levels in the environment. Thirdly, the provided research results are a basis for indicating xanthine oxidase and possibly the microflora of the digestive system as the basic units of the nitrate reductase system in the body of fish. The practical aspect of the question, in our opinion, is the most meaningful presence of numerous studies that emphasize the need to find physiological reactions that precede the formation of pathological changes induced by the influence of combined effects of nitrates and hypoxia on the organism of fish.

Role of nitrates in the adaptation of fish to hypoxic conditions

Purpose: Researchers and coaches continue to look for the solutions that would contribute to creation of somatic and mobility condition patterns, allowing the players to obtain sport achievements at the highest level. Therefore, the aim of the study was to trace the sport results' impact in the pole vault and the selected somatic parameters of the vaulters of different ages and comparing them with the results of the players reaching the results at the highest level. Material: The study covered 29 vaulters of 17-19 years old age, engaged in the pole vault at "Zawisza Bydgoszcz", "Gwardia" Pila, "Sląsk" Wroclaw, TS "Olimpia" Poznan sports clubs, the Centre of the Pole Vault in Gdansk, as well as 4 top vaulters - two from Germany, one from the UK and one from Poland. The study was carried out in the training and sports competitions conditions in 2005-2009. In the work teaching observation method was used. The research tools were: assessment of physical development and sports outcome, which were carried out within the start period. The statistical methods were used for analysis of the study results. Results: Indicators of physical development were specified, as well as correlated with sport result for each group. The highest (the only statistically significant) indicator with the pole vault at 0.69 level was reported in the sample - the volume thoracic, exhaling (19- year-old vaulters). Conclusions: The group of vaulters, belonging to the "world's finest" is characterized by a higher rate of shoulders than the other studied groups. There seems to be a large influence on sport technique and result in the pole vault belonging to the proportions of the individual somatic parameters and here the relevant connections can be seen.

Prognosis of training effects based on somatic characteristics and sport result

Purpose : The purpose of the study was to determine the physical development and physical fitness of the boys at the age of 9 years old attending football classes. Material : The study covered 12 boys at 9 years old attending football classes in "Football school for children" in Jablonowo Pomorskie. The assessment of the physical development was conducted by examining height and body weight and, on this basis, the somatic built indicator was calculated according to Rohrer index. To evaluate physical fitness, the Physical Fitness Index by Zuchor was used. Results : The studied exceed with height and weight their peers from the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship. The level of physical fitness of the studied boys aged 9 years old did not show much diversity. Conclusions : The results improvement was not observed in most physical fitness tests.

https://www.sportpedagogy.org.ua/index.php/PPS/article/download/263/226

The physical and motor development of 9-year-old children attending football classes in «football school for children»

Fitness jako wspolczesna forma rekreacji ruchowej Fitness as a modern form of recreation movement Mariusz Klimczyk, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy Agata Klimczyk, Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika w Toruniu Ewelina Wadych, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy Mariusz Klimczyk, 85-713 Bydgoszcz ul. Gdynska 8A Tel 663089733 e-mail, klimczyk1956@poczta.onet.pl Summary The aim of the study was to present fitness as a modern form of recreation. The main objective was to verify among the women how important it is for them physical activity and what form of activity they prefer. In the publication  used  methods of diagnostic survey- questionnaire - sixteen questions. The research was conducted in  2013 among female from Bydgoszcz. The ladies at different ages attend at fitness classes at the club "Fitness Fordon" in Bydgoszcz. Women most often choose fitness as a form of recreation.     Keywords: fitness, physical recreation, physical fitness, physical activity, survey. Streszczenie Celem pracy bylo przedstawienie fitnessu, jako  wspolczesnej formy rekreacji ruchowej. Glownym celem bylo sprawdzenie wśrod kobiet jak wazna jest dla nich aktywnośc fizyczna i jaką forme aktywności preferują. W pracy zastosowano metode sondazu diagnostycznego - ankieta – szesnaście pytan. Badania zostaly przeprowadzone w czerwce 2013 roku wśrod bydgoszczanek. Panie w roznym przedziale wiekowym uczeszczaly na zajecia fitness w klubie „Fitness Fordon” w Bydgoszczy. Najcześciej wybieraną przez kobiety formą rekreacji ruchowej jest fitness. Slowa kluczowe: fitness, rekreacja ruchowa, sprawnośc fizyczna, aktywnośc fizyczna, ankieta.

Mariusz Klimczyk

Papers

Use of antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Role of nitrates in the adaptation of fish to hypoxic conditions

Prognosis of training effects based on somatic characteristics and sport result

The physical and motor development of 9-year-old children attending football classes in «football school for children»

Fitness jako współczesna forma rekreacji ruchowej = Fitness as a modern form of recreation movement