Increased plasma levels of von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) are associated with high risk of coronary artery disease. The effect of statin therapy on vWF:Ag levels remains uncertain. Therefore the aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of statin therapy on vWF:Ag Levels. A systematic multiple-database search was carried out to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effect of statins on plasma vWF:Ag levels. Random-effect meta-analysis of 21 treatment arms revealed a significant decrease in plasma vWF:Ag levels following statin therapy (SMD: –0.54, 95 %CI: –0.87, –0.21, p=0.001). In subgroup analyses, the greatest effect was observed with simvastatin (SMD: –1.54, 95 %CI: –2.92, –0.17, p=0.028) and pravastatin (SMD: –0.61, 95 %CI: –1.18, –0.04, p=0.035), but not with fluvastatin (SMD: –0.34, 95 %CI: –0.69, 0.02, p=0.065), atorvastatin (SMD: –0.23, 95 %CI: –0.57, 0.11, p=0.179) and rosuvastatin (SMD: –0.20, 95 % CI: –0.71, 0.30, p=0.431). The lowering effect of statins on plasma vWF:Ag levels was greater in the subset of studies lasting ≥ 12 weeks (SMD: –0.70, 95 %CI: –1.19, –0.22, p=0.005) compared with that of studies lasting

The impact of statin therapy on plasma levels of von Willebrand factor antigen. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials.

Background & Study Aim: One main scientific practical tasks in sports is increasing an efficiency and forecasting the sportsmanship growth. The purpose of this work is answer the question whether based on the hand grip strength of different martial arts’ athletes it is possible of their successfulness prognostication. Material and Methods: We examined 28 martial arts athletes: group I (11 of age 18.45 ± 0.39 years, specializing in Greco-Roman and free style wrestling, judo, sambo); group II (17 of age 18.12 ± 0.26 years, specializing in hand-to-hand combat, karate, taekwondo). The level of sportsmanship in groups was approximately the same and varied from beginners to candidate master of sports and masters of sports. We used a battery of tests, which included 41 indicator sportsmen’s physical and functional condition. We studied anthropometrical indicators of general physical condition, the state of upper and lower limbs; we carried out tapping test and measured maximal frequency of grip in impulse mode. Results: The closeness of sportsmen’s physical condition at the account of absence of significant difference in most of indicators was proved. Sportsmen of the group I had greater circumferences of arm and forearm, hand dynamometry. Analysis of correlations showed significant higher quantity of important and confident correlations of grip maximal frequency in impulse mode in sportsmen of group I. These sportsmen’s contribution in system formation of grip strength indicators was 1.5-4 times bigger. Conclusions: We have proved the importance of studying of grip strength as factor of martial arts sportsmen’s successfulness specialising in throws and grips of immobilisation of opponent’s body (judo, sambo, wrestling etc.).

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Hand-grip strength as an indicator for predicting the success in martial arts athletes

This text attempts to identify the causes of back problems and outlines how to prevent or eliminate them. Much like a patient advancing through Dr. McGill’s stages of rehabilitation, the text follows a logical progression with subsequent chapters building on previously established concepts. The early chapters review the functional anatomy and injury mechanisms of the lumbar spine while challenging many commonly held beliefs and laying the foundation for the rest of text. The middle section outlines how to reduce the stressors that can cause low back disorders with guidelines for both worker and employer. The final chapters focus on a Five-Stage Back Training Program, beginning with identifying faulty movement patterns utilizing provocation tests then progressing to building stability and endurance using variations of Dr. McGill’s “big three” exercises.

The text’s strength lays in the author’s research background and the labs that he has developed, which he frequently relies upon when determining spinal loads and when suggesting preventative or rehabilitative strategies. From a chiropractic perspective, a discussion on the role of manipulation in rehabilitation would have been valuable. Little is said about chiropractic other than noting that a small group of patients may benefit from initial mobilization while warning that many make the mistake of trying to mobilize an already unstable joint. Regardless, this text offers a systematic and evidence-based approach to addressing low back disorders that should be read in its entirety and then used as a reference tool by practitioners incorporating exercises into their treatments.

Low Back Disorders. Evidence-Based Prevention and Rehabilitation.

Разработана программа преподавания спортивной диетологии в вузах физического воспитания и спорта, которая включает лекции и практические занятия, а также вопросы для самостоятельной работы студентов. В программу входят положения по задачам спортивной диетологии, основные направления ее применения для обеспечения подготовки спортсменов, вопросы практического использования спортивных диет для сохранения и повышения физической работоспособности спортсменов, положения по применению лечебно-профилактических и лечебных диет, вопросы эргогенической диететики, системы применения спортивных диет. Программа введена в учебный процесс в Национальном университете физического воспитания и спорта Украины на уровне подготовки магистров.

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Спортивна дієтологія та перспективи її викладання у вузах фізичного виховання і спорту

IntroductionReduction of schoolchildren's motor functioning, low their organism's resistance to morbidity force to solve problems on effectiveness of physical education system in schools (Krucevich, 2012; Tkachenko, 2014; Krucevich & Ishchenko, 2015). Results of researches show that motor functioning is one of the most powerful means for ensuring of general and targeted development of organism's functions and systems (Baltsevych, 2000; Ilyin, 2003; Krutsevych & Bezverkhnya, 2010; Krucevich & Pangelova, 2014). In conditions of radical restructuring of physical education in educational system one of factors of pupils' motor functioning's intensification is organization of pedagogic control at physical culture lessons (Khudolii, 2008; Samokish, 2010; Rafal, 2013; Khudolii & Ivashchenko, 2014) and in conditions of sports training (Artemenko, 2009; Khudolii & Iermakov, 2011; Liu, 2015; Ivashchenko et al., 2015a; Podrigalo, Iermakov, Galashko, Galashko, & Dzhym, 2015). Pedagogic control procedure implies classification of motor and functional fitness current state, which influence on taking of decisions in control over children's and adolescents' physical education. So classification of motor fitness is of practical importance for taking decisions in control over physical education and in working out effective programs of children's and adolescents' physical education.In researches of different scientists (Lopat'yev, 2007; Iermakov, Adashevskiy, & Sivolap, 2010; Adashevskiy, Iermakov, & Firsova, 2013; Arefiev, 2014; Podrigalo, Iermakov, Nosko, Galashko, & Galashko, 2015) conceptual approaches to simulation of training process and development of motor abilities in physical education and sports were worked out. The authors regard models of motor abilities' training, which can be used for current and final control of children's and adolescents' fitness. By the data of different authors (Ivashchenko, Yermakova, Cieslicka, & Zukowska, 2015; Ivashchenko, Yermakova, Cieslicka, & Muszkieta, 2015; Khudolii, Iermakov, & Ananchenko, 2015; Khudolii, Iermakov, & Prusik, 2015) current control over children's and adolescents' motor fitness can be fulfilled on the base of multi-dimensional methods and models.Numerous testing of 14-16 years' age girls permitted to determine specific features of fencing training ((Kabanova, 2007), race walking (Prusik, Prusik, Iermakov, & Kozina, 2012; Iermakov, Cieslicka, & Muszkieta, 2015; Tuisheva & Ivanenko, 2015), tennis (Jagiello & Jagiello, 2015), boxing (Aslaev & Kotova, 2015), swimming (Isaev, Erlikh, Nenasheva, Shepilov, & Romanova, 2014; Rovnaya,, Podrigalo, Iermakov, Prusik, & Cieslicka, 2014). Authors note that at all stages of training proper control with the help of tests is an integral part of junior sportsmen many years training. It permits to more effectively perfect components of junior sportsmen physical, technical and psychological training.Physical exercises' practicing by 14-16 years' age girls requires consideration their physiological characteristics (Piatunina & Gajnanova, 2006; Leer & Zvereva, 2013; Kozina, Iermakov, Kuzmin, Kudryavtsev, & Galimov, 2016), hemo-dynamic types (Sokolov & Grechkina, 2008; Levushkin & Son'kin, 2009), environment (Prusik, Prusik, Kozina, & Iermakov, 2013; Mamaev & Ivanova, 2014).In such cases it is necessary to base on objective metric information. Such information can be received in researches, which involve wide contingent of the tested. With it participants of experiment shall demonstrate stable concentration of attention and highly reliable results in series of repeated measurements (Zaporozhanov, 2013; Zaporozhanov, & Boraczynski, 2015; Zaporozhanov, Borachinski, & Nosko, 2015; Iermakov, Arziutov, & Jagiello, 2016). In general, such approaches facilitate rising of effectiveness of pedagogic control over pupils' physical fitness. …

Factorial and Discriminant Analysis as Methodological Basis of Pedagogic Control over Motor and Functional Fitness of 14-16 Year Old Girls

The purpose of this study was to build a model for classification of motor and functional fitness in adolescent female students. To achieve this purpose, girls in 7 (n=31), 8 (n=26), and 9 grade (n=28) were recruited with appropriate parental consent. To build the classification model, each adolescent performed and number of motor tests and the Stange, Genchi, Serkin tests of functional state. Canonical discriminant function analyses were conducted to determine the motor and functional fitness contributions. Two significant functions (p<.001) resulted with the first function explaining 86.8% and the second 13.2% of the variance between grade levels. Based on the model, it was possible to classify girls’ grade and thus biological age based on the performed tests. Structural coefficients from the first canonical discriminant function pointed to substantial difference between girls in 7 grade compared to 8 and 9 grade at the end of motor coordination’s development as well as speed, power, and Stange’s test results. Structural coefficients of second canonical discriminant function pointed to substantial difference between girls in 8th and 9 grade based on static and relative arm muscle strength. For improving and fully developing the pedagogic control of girls’ motor and functional fitness, the first discriminant function should be used as it explained most of the grade differences.

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Methodological approaches to pedagogical control of the functional and motor fitness of the girls from 7-9 grades

The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 754 (09.12.2016). 754 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 11.01.2017. Revised 16.01.2017. Accepted: 17.01.2017.

Features of formation of the cumulative effect of power loads in boys 7 years old

The purpose of this study was to determine the weight of motor skills in the structure of motor fitness of 7-year-old boys. 
Materials and methods. The study participants were 38 7-year-old boys. The children and their parents were informed about all the features of the study and gave their consent to participate in the experiment. The research methods used in the study include analysis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observations, testing of motor fitness, probabilistic approach to assessing the learning process, methods of mathematical statistics. 
Results. The level of fitness of the 7-year-old boys is homogeneous by the development of “agility” and “movement coordination”, inhomogeneous – by the development of arm strength and vestibular stability. The 7-year-old boys’ motor fitness is determined by their physical development, the level of general physical fitness and the level of motor skills development. A graphic representation of a two-factor model of testing results shows that analysis identifies two sets of data with high correlation coefficients. The first set includes tests No. 2, 1, 4, and 5, which characterize physical development, agility and endurance; the second – the level of proficiency in exercises No. 14, 13, 12, and the result of test No. 7 “Mixed hang rope pull-ups”.
Conclusions. Based on factor analysis, the study found that the level of proficiency in exercises determines the variation of testing results by 28.437%, and the development of motor skills is a priority in the educational process at primary school. The development of “agility” and “movement coordination” ensures the formation of motor skills, and the development of arm strength and vestibular stability is the reserve in training boys aged 7 which will make it possible to increase the effectiveness of the educational process.

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Motor Skills in the Structure of Physical Fitness of 7-Year-Old Boys

Purpose: to determine the peculiarities of the formation of motor skills in boys aged 8 years. Materials and methods: In study participated boys of eight years old (n=48). The study used factor experiment plans. The purpose of this experiment was to optimize the modes of education and to determine the peculiarities of the formation of motor skills in boys. Results: Discriminant analysis allowed: to determine the modes of exercise in the formation of motor skills; to answer the question as to how significantly different modes of work on the effectiveness of the formation of motor skills. Established: which of the variables most significantly affect the differentiation of classes; to which class the object belongs based on the values discriminant variables. The influence of the number of approaches, the number of repetitions in the approach and the interval of rest on the level of training for movements is revealed. Conclusions: To choose the most rational mode of exercising in the process of forming motor skills can be used the first discriminating function with an emphasis on the most informative variables.

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Simulation of the regularities of physical exercises learning process of boys aged 8 years old

Introduction. Middle-distance runs are endurance events that include the distances from 600 m up to 1609 m. The objective of the research is to determine work capabilities in acid and lactic conditions, measured by means of a 240-second test in young junior (16-17 years of age) and junior (18-19 years of age) runners at middle distances and to compare maximum lactate concentrations and maximum heart rate after 60-second and 240-second tests of the subjects. Methods. The research included 20 competitors aged 16-17 and 12 competitors aged 18-19. During the test period all subjects were training in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie province sport clubs. In order to determine work capabilities in acid-lactic conditions, a 240-second cycle ergometric laboratory test was applied. The obtained results were worked out using basic descriptive statistics: arithmetic average (M), standard deviation (± δ), minimum (min) and maximum values and coefficient of variation (V%). Results. The results obtained made it possible to characterize the subjects in terms of work capabilities at a high level of lactic acid in blood during middle-long effort. An in-depth investigation of the collected material might prove useful when planning training loads for work on special stamina. Conclusions. A set of criteria presented in the paper, detailing work and power obtained during a 240- second cycle ergometer might be used by trainers in a sport training process to assess individual function predisposition.

Mirosława Cieślicka

Papers

Methodological approaches to pedagogical control of the functional and motor fitness of the girls from 7-9 grades

Features of formation of the cumulative effect of power loads in boys 7 years old

Motor Skills in the Structure of Physical Fitness of 7-Year-Old Boys

Simulation of the regularities of physical exercises learning process of boys aged 8 years old

Detailed analysis of a 240-second cycle ergometric test in middle-distance runners aged 16-19