The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, the past 15 yr have seen the emergence of the microbiota (the trillions of microorganisms within ...

The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Tryptophan Catabolites from Microbiota Engage Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Balance Mucosal Reactivity via Interleukin-22

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Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The intestinal microbiota has become a relevant aspect of human health. Microbial colonization runs in parallel with immune system maturation and plays a role in intestinal physiology and regulation. Increasing evidence on early microbial contact suggest that human intestinal microbiota is seeded before birth. Maternal microbiota forms the first microbial inoculum, and from birth, the microbial diversity increases and converges toward an adult-like microbiota by the end of the first 3-5 years of life. Perinatal factors such as mode of delivery, diet, genetics, and intestinal mucin glycosylation all contribute to influence microbial colonization. Once established, the composition of the gut microbiota is relatively stable throughout adult life, but can be altered as a result of bacterial infections, antibiotic treatment, lifestyle, surgical, and a long-term change in diet. Shifts in this complex microbial system have been reported to increase the risk of disease. Therefore, an adequate establishment of microbiota and its maintenance throughout life would reduce the risk of disease in early and late life. This review discusses recent studies on the early colonization and factors influencing this process which impact on health.

http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:908180/FULLTEXT02

The composition of the gut microbiota throughout life, with an emphasis on early life.

The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota is the collection of microbes which reside in the GI tract and represents the largest source of non-self antigens in the human body. The GI tract functions as a major immunological organ as it must maintain tolerance to commensal and dietary antigens while remaining responsive to pathogenic stimuli. If this balance is disrupted, inappropriate inflammatory processes can result, leading to host cell damage and/or autoimmunity. Evidence suggests that the composition of the intestinal microbiota can influence susceptibility to chronic disease of the intestinal tract including ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, celiac disease and irritable bowel syndrome, as well as more systemic diseases such as obesity, type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Interestingly, a considerable shift in diet has coincided with increased incidence of many of these inflammatory diseases. It was originally believed that the composition of the intestinal microbiota was relatively stable from early childhood; however, recent evidence suggests that diet can cause dysbiosis, an alteration in the composition of the microbiota, which could lead to aberrant immune responses. The role of the microbiota and the potential for diet-induced dysbiosis in inflammatory conditions of the GI tract and systemic diseases will be discussed.

https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/4/8/1095/pdf

Diet-Induced Dysbiosis of the Intestinal Microbiota and the Effects on Immunity and Disease

Introduction: Among sensitized infants those with high, as compared with low levels, of salivary secretory IgA (SIgA) are less likely to develop allergic symptoms. Also, early colonization with cer ...

/pdf/influence-of-early-gut-microbiota-on-the-maturation-of-4uitjwo7ex.pdf

Influence of early gut microbiota on the maturation of childhood mucosal and systemic immune responses

Lutein exerts anti-inflammatory effects in patients with coronary artery disease.

Background. Inflammation may play an important role in type 2 diabetes. It has been proposed that dietary strategies can modulate inflammatory activity.Methods. We investigated the effects of diet ...

/pdf/advice-to-follow-a-low-carbohydrate-diet-has-a-favourable-31crgril3p.pdf

Advice to follow a low-carbohydrate diet has a favourable impact on low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes compared with advice to follow a low-fat diet.

http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:562936/FULLTEXT01.pdf

Persistent accumulation of interferon-γ-producing CD8+CD56+ T cells in blood from patients with coronary artery disease

Objective: There is a growing interest for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in plasma as novel biomarkers in coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to identify ...

/pdf/increased-levels-of-leukocyte-derived-mmp-9-in-patients-with-2p275tcvk0.pdf

Anna Lundberg

Papers

Influence of early gut microbiota on the maturation of childhood mucosal and systemic immune responses

Lutein exerts anti-inflammatory effects in patients with coronary artery disease.

Advice to follow a low-carbohydrate diet has a favourable impact on low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes compared with advice to follow a low-fat diet.

Persistent accumulation of interferon-γ-producing CD8+CD56+ T cells in blood from patients with coronary artery disease

Increased levels of leukocyte-derived MMP-9 in patients with stable angina pectoris.