다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

A review of the biomaterials technologies for infection-resistant surfaces.

iwCLL guidelines for diagnosis, indications for treatment, response assessment, and supportive management of CLL

Biofilm formation in Staphylococcus implant infections. A review of molecular mechanisms and implications for biofilm-resistant materials.

Imidazole ring is an important five-membered aromatic heterocycle widely present in natural products and synthetic molecules. The unique structural feature of imidazole ring with desirable electron-rich characteristic is beneficial for imidazole derivatives to readily bind with a variety of enzymes and receptors in biological systems through diverse weak interactions, thereby exhibiting broad bioactivities. The related research and developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry have become a rapidly developing and increasingly active topic. Particularly, numerous imidazole-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used in the clinic to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency, which have shown the enormous development value. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antineuropathic, antihypertensive, antihistaminic, antiparasitic, antiobesity, antiviral, and other medicinal agents, together with their potential applications in diagnostics and pathology. It is hoped that this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic imidazole-based medicinal drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes.

Comprehensive Review in Current Developments of Imidazole‐Based Medicinal Chemistry

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of thiosemicarbazides, s-triazoles and their Mannich bases bearing 3-chlorophenyl moiety

The ability of microbes to form biofilms is an important element of their pathogenicity, and biofilm formation is a serious challenge for today's medicine. Fighting the clinical complications associated with biofilm formation is very difficult and linked to a high risk of failure, especially in a time of increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Bacterial species most commonly isolated from biofilms include coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. The frequent failure of antibiotic therapy led researchers to look for alternative methods and experiment with the use of antibacterial factors with a mechanism of action different from that of antibiotics. Experimental studies with bacteriophages and mixtures thereof, expressing lytic properties against numerous biofilm-forming bacterial species showed that bacteriophages may both prevent biofilm formation and contribute to eradication of biofilm bacteria. A specific role is played here by phage depolymerases, which facilitate the degradation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and thus the permeation of bacteriophages into deeper biofilm layers and lysis of the susceptible bacterial cells. Much hope is placed in genetic modifications of bacteriophages that would allow the equipping bacteriophages with the function of depolymerase synthesis. The use of phage cocktails prevents the development of phage-resistant bacteria.

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Bacteriophages as an Alternative Strategy for Fighting Biofilm Development

Synthesis and in vitro activity of 1,2,4-triazole-ciprofloxacin hybrids against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant bacteria.

Mushrooms have been part of human diet for centuries. They possess great potential for both nutrition and therapeutic use. Amongst bioactive constituents occurring in mushrooms, phenolic compounds focus much attention due to their antioxidant activity. The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition of phenolic compounds in wild growing edible mushrooms traditionally eaten in Poland. For this purpose, LC-ESI-MS/MS and spectrophotometric tests were used. Our findings revealed the presence of benzoic acid (protocatechuic, 4-OH-benzoic, vanillic, salicylic) and cinnamic acid derivatives (caffeic, p -coumaric, ferulic) in mushroom extracts. The total phenolic content in different species ranged between 1.64 and 13.53 mg GAE/g of extract. Moreover, antiradical and antimicrobial potential of 19 Polish wild growing edible mushrooms was investigated. As a result, differentiated antiradical activity was disclosed (IC 50 from 12.39 to 108.38 mg/mg DPPH ). Moderate antimicrobial properties were found, as well. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted among such a large number of wild edible mushroom species. The results obtained indicate that mushrooms might be used directly in diet and promote health as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.

Analysis of phenolic constituents, antiradical and antimicrobial activity of edible mushrooms growing wild in Poland

BACKGROUND

Rosa rugosa petals are used for production of teas, jams, wines and juices. Despite the wide availability of rose cultivars, comprehensive information on petal chemical composition and healthful properties is still lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was analysis of cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of rugosa rose petals.



RESULTS

Petals of R. rugosa were evaluated for their cytotoxic effect against cervical (HeLa) and breast cancer (T47D) cell lines and for antiradical activity (with DPPH•). As a result, significant cytotoxic (up to 100% of dead cells) and antiradical properties (IC50 1.33–0.08 mg mg−1 DPPH•) were demonstrated. Moreover, notable antimicrobial activity against eight bacterial (i.e. Staphylococcus. epidermidis, S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis) and two yeast strains (Candida. albicans, C. parapsilosis) was shown. Total phenolic, flavonoid, phenolic acid, tannin, carotenoid and polysaccharide content in petals was determined using spectrophotometric methods. Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry was used to thoroughly analyze phenolic acids and flavonoid glycosides in the methanolic extract and fractions obtained after its separation. Five phenolic acids and six flavonoids previously not reported in the plant material were identified.



CONCLUSION

This is the first such detailed report on chemical composition and biological activity of R. rugosa petals. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry

Anna Malm

Papers

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of thiosemicarbazides, s-triazoles and their Mannich bases bearing 3-chlorophenyl moiety

Bacteriophages as an Alternative Strategy for Fighting Biofilm Development

Synthesis and in vitro activity of 1,2,4-triazole-ciprofloxacin hybrids against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant bacteria.

Analysis of phenolic constituents, antiradical and antimicrobial activity of edible mushrooms growing wild in Poland

Cytotoxic, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties and chemical composition of rose petals.