Anna V. Kalinchuk

TL;DR: This work has identified a relatively specific area, the basal forebrain (BF), which appears to be central in the regulation/execution of recovery sleep after sleep deprivation (SD), or prolonged wakefulness, and adenosine concentration increases in this area during SD, and this increase induces sleep while prevention of the increase during SD abolishes recovery sleep.

TL;DR: The hypothesis is that in the cholinergic basal forebrain prolonged wakefulness induces local energy depletion that generates increases in extracellular adenosine concentrations in this area, which may at least partially mediate the long term effects of prolonged wakeness.

TL;DR: It is reported that ATP levels show a surge in the initial hours of spontaneous sleep in wake-active but not in sleep-active brain regions of rat and the levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (P-AMPK), well known for its role in cellular energy sensing and regulation, and ATP show reciprocal changes.

TL;DR: Optical stimulation of basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons in mice increases local acetylcholine levels and wakefulness and illustrates the utility of “opto-dialysis” for dissecting the complex brain circuitry underlying behavior.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the high hypothalamic concentration of orexins on the day of proestrus may contribute to the LH and prolactin surges.