Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

The emergence of global history has been one of the more notable features of academic history over the past three decades. Although historians of disease were among the pioneers of one of its earlier incarnations—world history—the recent “global turn” has made relatively little impact on histories of health, disease, and medicine. Most continue to be framed by familiar entities such as the colony or nation-state or are confined to particular medical “traditions.” This article aims to show what can be gained from taking a broader perspective. Its purpose is not to replace other ways of seeing or to write a new “grand narrative” but to show how transnational and transimperial approaches are vital to understanding some of the key issues with which historians of health, disease, and medicine are concerned. Moving on from an analysis of earlier periods of integration, the article offers some reflections on our own era of globalization and on the emerging field of global health.

/pdf/a-global-perspective-reframing-the-history-of-health-24gjsxnbh1.pdf

A Global Perspective: Reframing the History of Health, Medicine, and Disease.

The course is focused on historical texts, most of them philosophical. Context for understanding the texts and the course of democratic development will be provided in lecture and discussions, and by some background readings (Dunn). We begin with the remarkable Athenian democracy, and its frequent enemy the Spartan oligarchy. In Athens legislation was passed directly by an assembly of all citizens, and executive officials were selected by lot rather than by competitive election. Athenian oligarchs such as Plato more admired Sparta, and their disdain for the democracy became the judgment of the ages, until well after the modern democratic revolutions. Marsilius of Padua in the early Middle Ages argued for popular sovereignty. The Italian citystates of the Middle Ages did without kings, and looked back to Rome and Greece for republican models. During the English Civil War republicans debated whether the few or the many should be full citizens of the regime. The English, French, and American revolutions struggled with justifying and establishing a representative democracy suitable for a large state, and relied on election rather than lot to select officials. The English established a constitutional monarchy, admired in Europe, and adapted by the Americans in their republican constitution. The American Revolution helped inspire the French, and the French inspired republican and democratic revolution throughout Europe during the 19 century.

/pdf/democracy-and-its-critics-2zxg086s7q.pdf

Democracy and Its Critics

more impressive with each exposure to it. Everything has changed and nothing has changed since Democracy in America was published in the 1830’s. Its author grasped with remarkable perception both the mutable and the immutable qualities of man. There could be nothing more salutary for us today than to assimilate his fine sense of what was permanent in a world which, like ours, was undergoing deep convulsions. Committed to the classical economics of Adam Smith, Tocqueville did not share Smith’s illusions about the eternal nature of the market. On the contrary, as Albert Salomon has emphasized, his point of view

Democracy in America: An Appreciation On the Occasion of the Centennial of Tocqueville's Death

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.ap.5500015.pdf

The Macro Polity

Does party government moderate the responsiveness of public policy to public opinion? Analysing a new dataset, we examine whether the ability of governments to respond to the public on 306 specific policy issues in Denmark, Germany and the UK is affected by the extent of coalition conflict and by the fit of the considered policy changes with the government preferences. We find a systematic but relatively weak positive impact of public support on the likelihood and speed of policy change. Contrary to expectations, a higher number of coalition partners are not associated with fewer policy changes nor with weaker responsiveness to public opinion. We also find no evidence that responsiveness to public opinion is necessarily weaker for policy changes that go against the preferences of the government. Rather, it appears that public and government support for policy change are substitute resources.

/pdf/party-government-and-policy-responsiveness-evidence-from-22h9xa4juh.pdf

Party Government and Policy Responsiveness. Evidence from Three Parliamentary Democracies

Tournant, inflexions, ruptures : le moment internationaliste

The co-decision procedure has had significant implications for the interaction between the EU institutions and has attracted the attention of a series of formal, rational choice institutionalists. However, these have mostly dealt with the Commission in a relatively superficial way and their conclusions about its legislative role have been rather pessimistic. Instead this study examines the role of the Commission in more detail by looking closer at both the formal and informal ways in which the Commission has affected legislation in co-decision from Maastricht to one year after the entering into force of the Amsterdam Treaty. The study includes interview and quantitative data at a general level as well as from three Socrates procedures completed in 1995, 1998, and 2000. In line with the formal, rational choice theorists, the paper notes that the Commission’s room for manoeuvre is significantly reduced in co-decision, but it argues that its relative loss of power with the introduction of the procedure should not blur the picture that in absolute terms it is still an important actor in the day-to-day decision-making of the EU. Kurzfassung Das Mitentscheidungsverfahren hatte bemerkenswerte Auswirkungen auf das Zusammenspiel zwischen den EUOrganen und hat die Aufmerksamkeit einer Reihe von formalen, Rational-Choice-orientierten Institutionalisten erweckt. Diese haben sich jedoch mit der Kommission zumeist nur in relativ oberflachlicher Weise auseinandergesetzt und deren Schlussfolgerungen uber die politische Rolle der Kommission waren eher pessimistisch. Im Gegensatz dazu untersucht diese Arbeit die Kommissionsrolle im Detail, indem sie sowohl auf die formellen als auch die informellen Wege naher schaut, auf denen die Kommission die Gesetzgebung im Mitentscheidungsverfahren beeinflusst. Der Untersuchungszeitraum ist vom Inkrafttreten des Maastrichter Vertrages bis ein Jahr nach Inkrafttreten des Amsterdamer Vertrages. Die Studie basiert auf Interviews und quantitativen Daten auf allgemeiner Ebene als auch auf den spezifischen Daten von drei Verfahren zum Socrates-Programm, die in den Jahren 1995, 1998 und 2000 abgeschlossen wurden. Im Einklang mit den formalen, Rational-Choice-orientierten Theoretikern wird hier festgestellt, dass der Bewegungsspielraum der Kommission im Mitentscheidungsverfahren signifikant kleiner ist. Allerdings sollte ihr relativer Machtverlust aufgrund der Einfuhrung des neuen Verfahrens nicht den Blick darauf verstellen, dass sie absolut gesehen noch immer ein wesentlicher Akteur im taglichen Entscheidungsprozess der EU ist. The author

/pdf/the-role-of-the-european-commission-in-co-decision-a-h78bdtp74y.pdf

Anne Rasmussen

Papers

Party Government and Policy Responsiveness. Evidence from Three Parliamentary Democracies

Tournant, inflexions, ruptures : le moment internationaliste

The Role of the European Commission in Co-decision - A strategic facilitator operating in a situation of structural disadvantage

La victoire endeuillee. La sortie de guerre des soldats francais (1918-1920)

Critique du progrès, « crise de la science » : débats et représentations du tournant du siècle