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Demonic Grounds: Black Women And The Cartographies Of Struggle

Summary. Gentrification involves the transition of inner-city neighbourhoods from a status of relative poverty and limited property investment to a state of commodification and reinvestment. This paper reconsiders the role of artists as agents, and aestheticisation as a process, in contributing to gentrification, an argument illustrated with empirical data from Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Because some poverty neighbourhoods may be candidates for occupation by artists, who value their affordability and mundane, off-centre status, the study also considers the movement of districts from a position of high cultural capital and low economic capital to a position of steadily rising economic capital. The paper makes extensive use of Bourdieu’s conceptualisation of the field of cultural production, including his discussion of the uneasy relations of economic and cultural capitals, the power of the aesthetic disposition to valorise the mundane and the appropriation of cultural capital by market forces. Bourdieu’s thinking is extended to the field of gentrification in an account that interprets the enhanced valuation of cultural capital since the 1960s, encouraging spatial proximity by other professionals to the inner-city habitus of the artist. This approach offers some reconciliation to theoretical debates in the gentrification literature about the roles of structure and agency and economic and cultural explanations. It also casts a more critical historical perspective on current writing lauding the rise of the cultural economy and the creative city. Two recent vignettes illustrate how gentrification has become not a sideshow in the city, but a major component of the urban imaginary (see Wyly and Hammel, 1999; Badcock, 2001). Richard Florida, author of The Rise of the Creative Class (2002a), a book eagerly embraced by mayors and economic development planners in the US (Eakin, 2002), visited Toronto in June 2002 and expounded on what makes successful cities work

Artists, Aestheticisation and the Field of Gentrification

In a recent conference paper Lambert and Boddy (2002) questioned whether new-build residential developments in UK city centres were examples of gentrification. They concluded that this stretched th...

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New-build 'gentrification' and London's riverside renaissance

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The Local Dimension of Migration Policymaking

Major social and political transformations such as the shift towards neoliberal urban policies have widely altered the contemporary structuring of metropolitan areas in Spain and Latin America. One key consequence is the recapture of city centres by wealthy tenants and the eviction of poorer households, a phenomenon usually designated by the term gentrification. In comparison to the comprehensive documentation of gentrification in the Anglophone environment, few scholars have paid attention to this phenomenon in this area of the world so far. This article responds to this gap, providing an exhaustive revision of the debates about gentrification occurring in Spain and Latin America during the last decade and tracking two theoretical motivations. First, it stresses the necessity of characterizing gentrification discourses in Spain and Latin America, preparing a conceptual appropriation and contextualization of the term itself. Second, it confirms that gentrification in Spain and Latin America varies substantially from processes observed in the Anglophone world. As a result, the review develops insights into emancipating and challenging debates that remain useful for the mainstream gentrification discourse too. Addressing this, it proposes a reconsideration and repoliticization of gentrification through the territorial and linguistic lens of Spanish and Latin American researchers.

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Gentrification in Spain and Latin America — a Critical Dialogue

A Metropolis in Transition. Montreal's Built Form: French Heritage, Victorian Legacy and Modernist Ambitions. The Shifting Boundaries of the Metropolis: The Struggle to Govern a Moving Target. Montreal's Economy: Decline, Conversion - Polarization? Repopulating the Inner City. Language, Ethnic Groups and the Shaping of Social Space. Epilogue. Bibliography. List of Figures. List of Tables. Index.

Montréal: The Quest for a Metropolis

The longstanding debate around the merits of promoting social class mix in urban neighbourhoods has taken a new twist in recent times. A transatlantic and neoliberal convergence of policy advice, supported by the 'neighbourhood effects' thesis, makes a case for addressing deep poverty by spatially deconcentrating it, inter alia, by gentrification. While developing trenchant critiques of this approach, critical urban scholarship has tended to take a 'top-down' view of urban neoliberalism, giving insufficient consideration to the agency of local governance actors in policy design and implementation, as well as to differences in national and local reference points with regard to what social mix connotes. We present findings of a comparative study of the meanings and effects attributed to social mix by key local policy actors across three 'distressed' neighbourhoods: in inner-city Paris (France), Bristol (UK) and Montreal (Canada), targeted for neighbourhood revitalization involving planned residential social mix in two cases and diversification of local retailing and its consumer base in all three. We find that while local actors' rationales for social mix do reflect a neoliberal turn, this is not embraced unequivocally and a strong home-grown element, drawing on national or local 'myths', persists. Our study sheds light on the expectations that local policy actors have on the incoming middle classes to make the mix 'work' by supporting community; pointing to the paradoxes and limitations of such a perspective.

‘Social Mix’ and Neighbourhood Revitalization in a Transatlantic Perspective: Comparing Local Policy Discourses and Expectations in Paris (France), Bristol (UK) and Montréal (Canada)

Places of worship have become a thorny issue for urban planning in Montreal in the 1990s following new immigration fluxes into the metropolitan area. A moratorium on new places of worship and local controversies illustrates the uneasiness of the situation for local planning authorities. Drawing on preliminary research results on the siting or expansion of 16 places of worship, this paper explores the multiple issues underlying the zoning dilemmas faced by municipalities. It then focuses on two controversies in adjacent neighbourhoods to discuss the role played by micro-local political and socio-cultural dynamics in the urban planning process. In this regard, the findings suggest that pragmatic negotiations concerning the sharing of public space become a central issue in ethnically mixed neighbourhoods, but also in situations where religion is a factor of cultural differentiation.

Minority Places of Worship and Zoning Dilemmas in Montreéal

Cet article esquisse une geographie des lieux de culte dits minoritaires (c'est-a-dire non catholiques romains ou protestants) de la region montrealaise et examine quelques elements des strategies spatiales deployees par differents groupes religieux dans la localisation de leurs lieux de culte. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous nous interessons au contexte reglementaire qui encadre l'amenagement des lieux de culte a l'echelle municipale. En nous inspirant de l'etude recente de quelques cas d'amenagement de lieux de culte au sein des communautes juives hassidiques et musulmanes montrealaises, nous concluons en presentant les principaux enjeux - fiscaux, economiques, politiques et sociaux - de cohabitation qui sous-tendent les amenagements cultuels dans l'espace urbain montrealais.

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Espace urbain et religion : esquisse d’une géographie des lieux de culte minoritaires de la région de Montréal.

https://toronto.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/book/9781442682399/10.3138/9781442682399-005.pdf

Annick Germain

Papers

Montréal: The Quest for a Metropolis

‘Social Mix’ and Neighbourhood Revitalization in a Transatlantic Perspective: Comparing Local Policy Discourses and Expectations in Paris (France), Bristol (UK) and Montréal (Canada)

Minority Places of Worship and Zoning Dilemmas in Montreéal

Espace urbain et religion : esquisse d’une géographie des lieux de culte minoritaires de la région de Montréal.

2 The Social Sustainability of Montreal: A Local or a State Matter?