https://www.ajol.info/index.php/eaoj/article/download/77829/68247

Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial

BACKGROUND: The psychological autopsy method offers the most direct technique currently available for examining the relationship between particular antecedents and suicide. This systematic review aimed to examine the results of studies of suicide that used a psychological autopsy method. METHOD: A computer aided search of MEDLINE, BIDS ISI and PSYCHLIT, supplemented by reports known to the reviewers and reports identified from the reference lists of other retrieved reports. Two investigators systematically and independently examined all reports. Median proportions were determined and population attributable fractions were calculated, where possible, in cases of suicide and controls. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-four reports were identified, of which 76 met the criteria for inclusion; 54 were case series and 22 were case-control studies. The median proportion of cases with mental disorder was 91% (95 % CI 81-98%) in the case series. In the case-control studies the figure was 90% (88-95%) in the cases and 27% (14-48%) in the controls. Co-morbid mental disorder and substance abuse also preceded suicide in more cases (38%, 19-57%) than controls (6%, 0-13%). The population attributable fraction for mental disorder ranged from 47-74% in the seven studies in which it could be calculated. The effects of particular disorders and sociological variables have been insufficiently studied to draw clear conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that mental disorder was the most strongly associated variable of those that have been studied. Further studies should focus on specific disorders and psychosocial factors. Suicide prevention strategies may be most effective if focused on the treatment of mental disorders. Language: en

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033291702006943

Psychological autopsy studies of suicide: a systematic review.

Sleep-induced apnea and disordered breathing refers to intermittent, cyclical cessations or reductions of airflow, with or without obstructions of the upper airway (OSA). In the presence of an anat...

Pathophysiology of Sleep Apnea

Background. The psychological autopsy method offers the most direct technique currently available for examining the relationship between particular antecedents and suicide. This systematic review aimed to examine the results of studies of suicide that used a psychological autopsy method. Method. A computer aided search of MEDLINE, BIDS ISI and PSYCHLIT, supplemented by reports known to the reviewers and reports identified from the reference lists of other retrieved reports. Two investigators systematically and independently examined all reports. Median proportions were determined and population attributable fractions were calculated, where possible, in cases of suicide and controls. Results. One hundred and fifty-four reports were identified, of which 76 met the criteria for inclusion; 54 were case series and 22 were case–control studies. The median proportion of cases with mental disorder was 91% (95% CI 81–98%) in the case series. In the case–control studies the figure was 90% (88–95%) in the cases and 27% (14–48%) in the controls. Co-morbid mental disorder and substance abuse also preceded suicide in more cases (38%, 19–57%) than controls (6%, 0–13%). The population attributable fraction for mental disorder ranged from 47–74% in the seven studies in which it could be calculated. The effects of particular disorders and sociological variables have been insufficiently studied to draw clear conclusions. Conclusions. The results indicated that mental disorder was the most strongly associated variable of those that have been studied. Further studies should focus on specific disorders and psychosocial factors. Suicide prevention strategies may be most effective if focused on the treatment of mental disorders.

Psychological autopsy studies of suicide: a systematic review. (vol 33, pg 395, 2003)

European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015

Brain tissue was examined for evidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in 23 intravenous drug users who died suddenly some years after seroconversion but while still in presymptomatic stages of infection. None showed giant cell encephalitis, but 14 showed T cell lymphocytic leptomeningitis and 3 showed other significant neuropathologic features. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for HIV was applied to 13 of the 23 with negative results in 6 and very low positive results in the other 7, a finding consistent with contamination by residual infected blood in the brain tissue. This contrasted with findings in AIDS-infected tissue, in which substantial amounts of provirus were found. It is concluded that significant infection in brain tissue does not occur in presymptomatic stages of HIV infection and that invasion of the central nervous system may be delayed until the transition to symptomatic AIDS.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Brain: Investigation of Virus Load and Neuropathologic Changes in Pre-AIDS Subjects

For those who are researching a particular problem, each chapter is well referenced with up-to-date literature and classic papers alike. Chapters are also excellent summaries of well respected authority's works that appear elsewhere (one particular gem is chapter 12 by Dana and DiMaio on gunshot trauma, which provides an excellent overview of material presented in more detail in DiMaio's seminal text on gunshot wounds).

/pdf/forensic-medicine-clinical-and-pathological-aspects-3h0qau89ae.pdf

Forensic medicine : clinical and pathological aspects

Despite the success of the campaigns to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), it still remains the major cause of postneonatal mortality. The incidence of SIDS is higher among ethnic groups in which there are also high incidences of serious infectious diseases. The risk factors for SIDS parallel those for susceptibility to infection, and recent data have provided evidence to support the mathematical model of the common bacterial toxin hypothesis. One current hypothesis for the etiology of SIDS is that the deaths are a result of overwhelming proinflammatory responses to bacterial toxins; as in inflammatory responses to sepsis, cytokines, induced by bacterial toxins, cause physiological changes leading to death. The genetic, developmental, and environmental risk factors for SIDS are reviewed in relation to colonization by potentially harmful bacteria and the inflammatory responses induced in the nonimmune infant to microorganisms or their products.

https://jlb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1189/jlb.0505253

Anthony Busuttil

Papers

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Brain: Investigation of Virus Load and Neuropathologic Changes in Pre-AIDS Subjects

Forensic medicine : clinical and pathological aspects

Cytokine responses and sudden infant death syndrome: genetic, developmental, and environmental risk factors

Redistribution of HIV outside the lymphoid system with onset of AIDS

Chest wall injuries following cardiopulmonary resuscitation.