Building Theories From Case Study Research - This paper describes the process of inducting theory using case studies from specifying the research questions to reaching closure. Some features of the process, such as problem definition and construct validation, are similar to hypothesis-testing research. Others, such as within-case analysis and replication logic, are unique to the inductive, case-oriented process. Overall, the process described here is highly iterative and tightly linked to data. This research approach is especially appropriate in new topic areas. The resultant theory is often novel, testable, and empirically valid. Finally, framebreaking insights, the tests of good theory (e.g., parsimony, logical coherence), and convincing grounding in the evidence are the key criteria for evaluating this type of research.

Building theories from case study research

�Traditional, hierarchical views of leadership are less and less useful given the complexities of our modern world. Leadership theory must transition to new perspectives that account for the complex adaptive needs of organizations. In this paper, we propose that leadership (as opposed to leaders) can be seen as a complex dynamic process that emerges in the interactive “spaces between” people and ideas. That is, leadership is a dynamic that transcends the capabilities of individuals alone; it is the product of interaction, tension, and exchange rules governing changes in perceptions and understanding. We label this a dynamic of adaptive leadership, and we show how this dynamic provides important insights about the nature of leadership and its outcomes in organizational fields. We define a leadership event as a perceived segment of action whose meaning is created by the interactions of actors involved in producing it, and we present a set of innovative methods for capturing and analyzing these contextually driven processes. We provide theoretical and practical implications of these ideas for organizational behavior and organization and management theory.

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Building theories from case study research.

Part One: The Context Of Educational Research Part Two: Planning Educational Research Part Three: Styles Of Educational Research Part Four: Strategies And Instruments For Data Collection And Researching Part Five: Data Analysis

Research Methods in Education

A hypothesized need to form and maintain strong, stable interpersonal relationships is evaluated in light of the empirical literature. The need is for frequent, nonaversive interactions within an ongoing relational bond. Consistent with the belongingness hypothesis, people form social attachments readily under most conditions and resist the dissolution of existing bonds. Belongingness appears to have multiple and strong effects on emotional patterns and on cognitive processes. Lack of attachments is linked to a variety of ill effects on health, adjustment, and well-being. Other evidence, such as that concerning satiation, substitution, and behavioral consequences, is likewise consistent with the hypothesized motivation. Several seeming counterexamples turned out not to disconfirm the hypothesis. Existing evidence supports the hypothesis that the need to belong is a powerful, fundamental, and extremely pervasive motivation.

The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.

Scholars of the theory of the firm have begun to emphasize the sources and conditions of what has been described as “the organizational advantage,” rather than focus on the causes and consequences of market failure. Typically, researchers see such organizational advantage as accruing from the particular capabilities organizations have for creating and sharing knowledge. In this article we seek to contribute to this body of work by developing the following arguments: (1) social capital facilitates the creation of new intellectual capital; (2) organizations, as institutional settings, are conducive to the development of high levels of social capital; and (3) it is because of their more dense social capital that firms, within certain limits, have an advantage over markets in creating and sharing intellectual capital. We present a model that incorporates this overall argument in the form of a series of hypothesized relationships between different dimensions of social capital and the main mechanisms and proces...

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/259373.pdf

Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage

Preface. Introduction: Anthony Giddens. 1. The Concept of the State. 2. Democracy and Political Representation. 3. The Concept and Nature of Socialism. 4. Socialism and Marxism: Critical Commentaries. 5. Political Obligation, Moral Duty and Punishment. 6. The State, Education and Equality. 7. Patriotism and Militarism. Notes. Index.

Durkheim on Politics and the State

Preface. 1. In Defence of Sociology. 2. Living in a Post-Traditional Society. 3. What is Social Science? 4. Functionalism: Apres la Lutte. 5. 'Britishness' and the Social Sciences. 6. The Future of Anthropology. 7. Four Myths in the History of Social Thought. 8. Auguste Comte and Positivism. 9. The Suicide Problem in French Sociology. 10. Reason Without Revolution?: Habermas's Theory of Communicative Action. 11. Literature and Society: Raymond Williams. 12. T. H. Marshall, the State and Democracy. 13. Brave New World: The New Context of Politics. 14. The Labour Party and British Politics. Notes. Index.

In Defence of Sociology: Essays, Interpretations and Rejoinders

Introduction THEME 1: THINKING SOCIOLOGICALLY Discourse Globalization Modernity Postmodernity Rationalization Society Structure / Agency THEME 2: DOING SOCIOLOGY Ideal Type Qualitative / Quantitative Methods Realism Reflexivity Science Social construction THEME 3: ENVIRONMENT AND URBANISM Alienation Environment Industrialization Migration Risk Sustainable Development Urbanism THEME 4: STRUCTURES OF SOCIETY Bureaucracy Capitalism Consumerism Division of Labour Education Organization Religion THEME 5: UNEQUAL LIFE CHANCES Class and inequality Gender Intersectionality Patriarchy Poverty Race and Ethnicity Social mobility Status THEME 6: RELATIONSHIPS AND THE LIFECOURSE Community Family Life Course Network Sexuality Socialization THEME 7: INTERACTION AND COMMUNICATION Culture Identity Ideology Interaction Mass Media Public Sphere THEME 8: HEALTH, ILLNESS AND THE BODY Biomedicine Medicalization Sick Role Social Model of Disability Social Self Stigma THEME 9: CRIME AND SOCIAL CONTROL Anomie Deviance Labelling Moral Panic Restorative Justice Social Control Subculture THEME 10: POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY Authority Citizenship Conflict Civil Society Democracy Nation State Power Social Movement References

Essential Concepts in Sociology

Entfesselte Welt : Wie die Globalisierung unser Leben verändert

In this discussion I shall seek to draw some connections between certain aspects of the theory of structuration and the analysis of class structure in capitalist societies. The theory of structuration is based upon the following claims: that social theory (which I take to be relevant equally to each of the social scientific disciplines: sociology, anthropology, psychology and economics, as well as history) should incorporate an understanding of human behaviour as action; that such an understanding has to be made compatible with a focus upon the structural components of social institutions or societies; and that notions of power and domination are logically, not just contingently, associated with the concepts of action and structure as I conceptualise them.1 I shall not be concerned to substantiate these claims, but shall attempt rather to trace out a few of their implications for issues that I take to be important to class analysis.

Anthony Giddens

Papers

Durkheim on Politics and the State

In Defence of Sociology: Essays, Interpretations and Rejoinders

Essential Concepts in Sociology

Entfesselte Welt : Wie die Globalisierung unser Leben verändert

Power, the Dialectic of Control and Class Structuration