Building Theories From Case Study Research - This paper describes the process of inducting theory using case studies from specifying the research questions to reaching closure. Some features of the process, such as problem definition and construct validation, are similar to hypothesis-testing research. Others, such as within-case analysis and replication logic, are unique to the inductive, case-oriented process. Overall, the process described here is highly iterative and tightly linked to data. This research approach is especially appropriate in new topic areas. The resultant theory is often novel, testable, and empirically valid. Finally, framebreaking insights, the tests of good theory (e.g., parsimony, logical coherence), and convincing grounding in the evidence are the key criteria for evaluating this type of research.

Building theories from case study research

�Traditional, hierarchical views of leadership are less and less useful given the complexities of our modern world. Leadership theory must transition to new perspectives that account for the complex adaptive needs of organizations. In this paper, we propose that leadership (as opposed to leaders) can be seen as a complex dynamic process that emerges in the interactive “spaces between” people and ideas. That is, leadership is a dynamic that transcends the capabilities of individuals alone; it is the product of interaction, tension, and exchange rules governing changes in perceptions and understanding. We label this a dynamic of adaptive leadership, and we show how this dynamic provides important insights about the nature of leadership and its outcomes in organizational fields. We define a leadership event as a perceived segment of action whose meaning is created by the interactions of actors involved in producing it, and we present a set of innovative methods for capturing and analyzing these contextually driven processes. We provide theoretical and practical implications of these ideas for organizational behavior and organization and management theory.

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Building theories from case study research.

Part One: The Context Of Educational Research Part Two: Planning Educational Research Part Three: Styles Of Educational Research Part Four: Strategies And Instruments For Data Collection And Researching Part Five: Data Analysis

Research Methods in Education

A hypothesized need to form and maintain strong, stable interpersonal relationships is evaluated in light of the empirical literature. The need is for frequent, nonaversive interactions within an ongoing relational bond. Consistent with the belongingness hypothesis, people form social attachments readily under most conditions and resist the dissolution of existing bonds. Belongingness appears to have multiple and strong effects on emotional patterns and on cognitive processes. Lack of attachments is linked to a variety of ill effects on health, adjustment, and well-being. Other evidence, such as that concerning satiation, substitution, and behavioral consequences, is likewise consistent with the hypothesized motivation. Several seeming counterexamples turned out not to disconfirm the hypothesis. Existing evidence supports the hypothesis that the need to belong is a powerful, fundamental, and extremely pervasive motivation.

The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.

Scholars of the theory of the firm have begun to emphasize the sources and conditions of what has been described as “the organizational advantage,” rather than focus on the causes and consequences of market failure. Typically, researchers see such organizational advantage as accruing from the particular capabilities organizations have for creating and sharing knowledge. In this article we seek to contribute to this body of work by developing the following arguments: (1) social capital facilitates the creation of new intellectual capital; (2) organizations, as institutional settings, are conducive to the development of high levels of social capital; and (3) it is because of their more dense social capital that firms, within certain limits, have an advantage over markets in creating and sharing intellectual capital. We present a model that incorporates this overall argument in the form of a series of hypothesized relationships between different dimensions of social capital and the main mechanisms and proces...

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/259373.pdf

Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage

Suicide and the meaning of civilization

Durkheim's Political Sociology

Preface: Anthony Giddens. Introduction: Mark Leonard. Foreword to the Original German edition. 1. Breaking the Mould. 2. The Maxims of a Proactive State. 3. The Future of the Parties. 4. The Beginnings of a New Corporatism. 5. What Can We Learn From Others?. 6. New Paths to Growth and Full Employment. 7. Policies for a Proactive Society. Postscript: Gerhard Schroder. Appendix: The Third Way, Die Neue Mitte: Tony Blair and Gerhard Schroder. Index.

The politics of the new centre

o Soziologieverstandnis Sociology is the study of human social life, groups, and societies, giving special emphasis to modern industrialised systems. It is a discipline involving the ability to think imaginatively and one in which personal views of the world are set aside so we may look more carefully at the influences that shape our lives and those of others. Social structure is an important concept in sociology. The permanent construction and reconstruction of social life is based upon the meanings people attach to their actions. In sociological research it is important to distinguish between the intended and unintended results of human action. Sociology studies the resulting balance between social reproduction and social transformation. Social reproduction occurs because there is continuity in what people do. Social transformation  change  occurs because of intended action and unintended consequences.

Die Klassenstruktur fortgeschrittener Gesellschaften

Preface to the Second Edition. Introduction. 1. What is Sociology? 2. Social Interaction and Everyday Life. 3. Sociology of the Body. 4. Gender and Sexuality. 5. Crime and Deviance. 6. Media and Popular Culture. 7. Marriage and the Family. 8. Race and Ethnicity. 9. Class and Stratification. 10. Work and Economic Life. 11. Government and Politics. 12. Education. 13. Religion. 14. Social Change and Global Crises. 15. Sociological Research Methods. 16. Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology. Notes. Index.

Anthony Giddens

Papers

Suicide and the meaning of civilization

Durkheim's Political Sociology

The politics of the new centre

Die Klassenstruktur fortgeschrittener Gesellschaften

Sociology: Introductory Readings