羟氨苄青霉素引起大疱性类天疱疮样疹

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Automated Planning: Theory and Practice.

City logistics aims to reduce the nuisances associated to freight transportation in urban areas while supporting their economic and social development. The fundamental idea is to view individual stakeholders and decisions as components of an integrated logistics system. This implies the coordination of shippers, carriers, and movements as well as the consolidation of loads of several customers and carriers into the same environment-friendly vehicles. City logistics explicitly aims to optimize such advanced urban transportation systems. We focus on a challenging city logistics planning issue, the integrated short-term scheduling of operations and management of resources, for the general case involving a two-tiered distribution structure. We investigate the main issues related to the problem, introduce a new problem class, propose both a general model and formulations for the main system components, and identify promising solution avenues.

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Models for Evaluating and Planning City Logistics Systems

予防歯科プログラムの選考に関する Discrete Choice Analysis

While it is certainly too early to make a definitive assessment of the effectiveness of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), it is not to take stock of what has been achieved and to think about what could be achieved in the near future. In our opinion, ITS developments have been up to now largely hardware-driven and have led to the introduction of many sophisticated technologies in the transportation arena, while the development of the software component of ITS, models and decision-support systems in particular, is lagging behind. To reach the full potential of ITS, one must thus address the challenge of making the most intelligent usage possible of the hardware that is being deployed and the huge wealth of data it provides. We believe that transportation planning and management disciplines, operations research in particular, have a key role to play with respect to this challenge. The paper focuses on Freight ITS: Commercial Vehicle Operations and Advanced Fleet Management Systems, City Logistics, and electronic business. The paper reviews main issues, technological challenges, and achievements, and illustrates how the introduction of better operations research-based decision-support software could very significantly improve the ultimate performance of Freight ITS.

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Intelligent Freight Transportation Systems : Assessment and the Contribution of Operations Research

Aiming at solving the problem of predicting in real-time the dynamic evolution of a transit system, this paper presents DYBUS2, a modeling framework proposed to overcome some limits of existing models by considering: (i) dynamic real-time simulation, (ii) modeling of travel behavior in the sphere of real-time information, by using a travel strategy approach, (iii) real-time prediction of on-board crowding, the information system should give to travelers, (iv) mesoscopic approach also on the demand side, by grouping travelers in packets. The first part of the paper gives an overview both of general transit network modeling and of DYBUS2 architecture, the latter presents the main modeling components, focusing on the new proposal for the real-time dynamic path choice modeling.

DYBUS2: A Real-Time Mesoscopic Transit Modeling Framework

A new generation of transit trip planners, most of which are currently at the prototype phase, is being developed to overcome some of the current limits of such tools, aiming to meet the new requirements of multi-modal transit networks, to benefit from new opportunities offered by advances in telematics and to apply new methodologies in transit network modelling. This chapter points out the main characteristics and the limits of current trip planners, and presents and analyses the current methods used for path generation, taking account of personal information and normative path suggestions on unreliable multi-modal transit networks. Finally, the effects on traveller’s choices of predictive info on vehicle occupancy degree are explored. For each topic examined, the current state of the art, open research questions and necessary developments are considered.

A new generation of individual real-time transit information systems

Today, local administrations are faced with the presence of greater constraints in terms of the use of space and time. At the same time, large amount of data is available to fleet managers that can be used for controlling their fleets. This work is set in the context defined by sustainable city logistics, and information and communication technologies (ICTs), to formalize the three themes of the smart city (transport, ICTs and energy savings) in a single problem. Following this, the main purpose of the study is to propose a unified formulation of the basic problem of fleets, i.e., the traveling salesman problem (TSP), which explicitly includes the use of emerging information and communication technologies (e-ICTs) pointing out the learning process of path costs in urban delivery. This research explores the opportunity to extend the path cost formation with a within-day and day-to-day learning process, including the specification of the attributes provided by e-ICTs. As shown through a real test case, the research answers to queries coming from operators and collectivities to improve city liveability and sustainability. It includes both economic sustainability for companies/enterprises and environmental sustainability for local administrations (and collectivities). Besides contributing to reduce the times and kms travelled by commercial vehicles, as well as the interference of freight vehicles with other traffic components, it also contributes to road accident reduction (social sustainability). Therefore, after the re-exanimation of TSP, this paper presents the proposed unitary formulation and its benefits through the discussion of results obtained in a real case study. Finally, the possible innovation guided by e-ICT is pointed out.

Sustainable Urban Delivery: The Learning Process of Path Costs Enhanced by Information and Communication Technologies

This paper proposes a modeling system developed in order to analyze the urban freight transport and logistics within urban and metropolitan areas. A review of models developed to simulate this segment of mobility is also reported. The review analysis highlights the limits of models for the ex-ante assessment of city logistics measures. For this reason this paper proposes a new modeling system approach for the assessment of city logistics measures. It is made of different steps approaching problems related to: quantity OD (Origin-Destination) flows, restocking type OD flows, delivery OD flows, delivery OD flows for time slice and vehicle type, and vehicle OD flows. This modeling system has been specified and calibrated using some surveys carried out in the inner area of Rome where more than 500 truck drivers and more than 600 retailers have been interviewed. The increase of freight transportation in urban and metropolitan areas contributes to congestion, air pollution, noise and to the increases in the logistic costs, and hence to the price of products. In addition, increasing flows on road networks, as well as the combination of different types of vehicles, imply an increase of the risk of accidents. The investigation of cost externalities requires an efficient freight distribution system as it plays a significant role in the competitiveness of an urban area, and it is an important element in the urban economy, in terms of both incomes it generates and employment levels it supports. From public administration point of view, the most important aspect is that of mitigating the social costs generated by freight mobility in the urban area. These costs are mainly connected with the impact on traffic congestion of vehicles circulating for freight transport, Corresponding author: Antonio Comi, PhD, assistant professor, research fields: development and application of models and methods for the analysis and the design of freight and passenger transport systems at urban and extra-urban scale. E-mail: comi@ing.uniroma2.it.

A Delivery Approach Modeling for Urban Freight Restocking

This paper analyses the current structure of taxi service use in Rome, processing taxi Floating Car Data (FCD). The methodology used to pass from the original data to data useful for the demand analyses is described. Further, the patterns of within-day and day-to-day service demand are reported, considering the origin, the destination and other characteristics of the trips (e.g. travel time). The analyses reported in the paper can help the definition of space-temporal characteristics of future Shared Autonomous Electrical Vehicles (SAEVs) demand in mobility scenarios.

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Antonio Comi

Papers

DYBUS2: A Real-Time Mesoscopic Transit Modeling Framework

A new generation of individual real-time transit information systems

Sustainable Urban Delivery: The Learning Process of Path Costs Enhanced by Information and Communication Technologies

A Delivery Approach Modeling for Urban Freight Restocking

Understanding Taxi Travel Demand Patterns Through Floating Car Data