A fast-Fourier-transform method of topography and interferometry is proposed. By computer processing of a noncontour type of fringe pattern, automatic discrimination is achieved between elevation and depression of the object or wave-front form, which has not been possible by the fringe-contour-generation techniques. The method has advantages over moire topography and conventional fringe-contour interferometry in both accuracy and sensitivity. Unlike fringe-scanning techniques, the method is easy to apply because it uses no moving components.

Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computer-based topography and interferometry

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Principles Of Optics Electromagnetic Theory Of Propagation Interference And Diffraction Of Light

Physical Review B

This Review article provides an overview of the fundamental origins and important applications of the main spin–orbit interaction phenomena in modern optics that play a crucial role at subwavelength scales. Light carries both spin and orbital angular momentum. These dynamical properties are determined by the polarization and spatial degrees of freedom of light. Nano-optics, photonics and plasmonics tend to explore subwavelength scales and additional degrees of freedom of structured — that is, spatially inhomogeneous — optical fields. In such fields, spin and orbital properties become strongly coupled with each other. In this Review we cover the fundamental origins and important applications of the main spin–orbit interaction phenomena in optics. These include: spin-Hall effects in inhomogeneous media and at optical interfaces, spin-dependent effects in nonparaxial (focused or scattered) fields, spin-controlled shaping of light using anisotropic structured interfaces (metasurfaces) and robust spin-directional coupling via evanescent near fields. We show that spin–orbit interactions are inherent in all basic optical processes, and that they play a crucial role in modern optics.

Spin-orbit interactions of light

Imaging polarimetry has emerged over the past three decades as a powerful tool to enhance the information available in a variety of remote sensing applications. We discuss the foundations of passive imaging polarimetry, the phenomenological reasons for designing a polarimetric sensor, and the primary architectures that have been exploited for developing imaging polarimeters. Considerations on imaging polarimeters such as calibration, optimization, and error performance are also discussed. We review many important sources and examples from the scientific literature.

/pdf/review-of-passive-imaging-polarimetry-for-remote-sensing-3kk5ut05ha.pdf

Review of passive imaging polarimetry for remote sensing applications

In this paper we discuss the conservation of angular momentum of light in single scattering of circularly polarized light from a spherical, non-absorbing particle. We show that the angular momentum carried by the incident wave is distributed in the scattered waves between terms related to polarization or spin and to orbital angular momentum, respectively. We also show that, in all scattering directions, a constant ratio exists between the flux density of the total angular momentum and the intensity.

Conservation of angular momentum of light in single scattering.

A formula of considerable generality is derived for the spectrum of light produced by static scattering of polychromatic light on a system of particles. It applies to deterministic as well as to random distributions of monodispersed or polydispersed particles. We illustrate it by examples. It is suggested that spectral changes produced by scattering could be used for determining the structure of some scattering systems.

Spectral changes produced by static scattering on a system of particles.

Undoubtedly, laser tweezers are the most recognized application of optically induced mechanical action. Their operation is usually described in terms of conservative forces originating from intensity gradients. However, the fundamental optical action on matter is non-conservative. We will review different manifestations of non-conservative optical forces (NCF) and discuss their dependence on the specific spatial properties of optical fields that generate them. New developments relevant to the NCF such as tractor beams and transversal forces are also discussed.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6633/aa834e/pdf

Non-conservative optical forces.

Scientists theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the transformation of spin into orbital momentum can lead to a fundamentally new type of force acting transversally to the direction of propagation.

Dynamic consequences of optical spin–orbit interaction

The field transmitted through disordered media is essentially a randomly sampled version of the incident field. Properties of the initial field can be recovered if this sampling function or transmission matrix is known. Here we demonstrate how the transmission matrix of a disordered material can be used to simultaneously measure the spectral and polarimetric properties of an optical field.

Aristide Dogariu

Papers

Conservation of angular momentum of light in single scattering.

Spectral changes produced by static scattering on a system of particles.

Non-conservative optical forces.

Dynamic consequences of optical spin–orbit interaction

Transmission matrices of random media: means for spectral polarimetric measurements.