Showing papers by "Arthur L. Caplan published in 1985"

Ethical issues raised by research involving xenografts.

Abstract: ON OCT 26, 1984, Dr Leonard Bailey and his associates at the Loma Linda University Medical Center in California implanted a heart from a 7-month-old baboon in a newborn human infant. The child, known publicly as Baby Fae, was afflicted with a fatal congenital abnormality of the heart known as hypoplastic left heart syndrome. 1 The implant created an enormous controversy both within the medical community and among lay observers of the experiment. The questions it raised and continues to raise concern the competency of the child's mother to give informed consent to the procedure, the morality of killing an animal in order to attempt to save the life of a child, the adequacy of the scientific basis for undertaking this type of transplant in a young child, the competency of the medical team and medical center to undertake the experiment, the adequacy of existing review mechanisms governing human experimentation

Which Babies Shall Live?: Humanistic Dimensions of the Care of Imperiled Newborns

Abstract: Introduction-Beyond Babies Doe- The Child, Medicine, and Science- Caring for Babies in Danger: The Evolution and Current State of Neonatology- Science and Controversy in the History of Infancy in America- Response to "Science and Controversy in the History of Infancy in America"- Which Babies Shall Live?-Comment on "Science and Controversy in the History of Infancy in America"- Religion, Suffering, and Morality- Our Religious Traditions and the Treatment of Infants- "Suffer the Little Children " Suffering and Neonatal Intensive Care- Ethical Principles for the Care of Imperiled Newborns: Toward an Ethic of Ambiguity- The Right to Privacy as a Protection for the Right to Refuse Care for the Imperiled Newborn- Images of the Abandoned- The Tyranny of the Normal- Comment on "The Tyranny of the Normal"- Caretakers: Images and Attitudes- Consensus and Controversy in the Treatment of Catastrophically Ill Newborns: Report of a Survey- Conclusion

Risks, Paternalism, and the Gift of Life

Abstract: As of Dec 31, 1983, there were 71,982 patients with renal failure on some form of hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis in the United States. The Medicare program spent over $1.7 billion to reimburse the costs of their care. The total societal bill for these treatments was actually higher than the $1.7 billion figure since this amount does not include the costs of dialyzing patients in Veterans Administration hospitals. During the same calendar year, 6,112 kidney transplants were performed. Approximately one third of these were obtained from living-related donors; the remaining two thirds came from cadaver sources. The average cost of transplant surgery was $35,000 in the first year and between $5,000 and $10,000 in the years postsurgery. Increasing the number of kidney transplants would be of benefit both to patients with end-stage renal disease, whose quality of life would be improved, and to society, by reducing the financial burden dialysis

After Barney Clark: Reflections on the Utah Artificial Heart Program

Abstract: This book is the outcome of a conference held in October 1983, seven months after the death of Dr Barney Clark. The conference was organized in order to provide an opportunity for Dr Clark's caregivers and a number of invited experts to reflect about some of the ethical, legal, economic, and social issues that arose as a result of the effort to permanently implant a total artificial heart into Dr Clark's chest. Since the Clark experiment, the clinical component of the artificial heart program at Utah has shifted to the Humana-Audubon Hospital in Louisville, Ky. This shift and the subsequent implantation by Dr William DeVries and his colleagues of a second device in William Schroeder, devices in two other patients (Murray Haydon and the late Jack Burcham), and implantation of a device in Sweden, have stimulated a renewed debate about the desirability and feasibility of undertaking implants of a pneumatically

Darwin, Marx, and Freud Their Influence on Moral Theory

Abstract: One Darwin.- One The Philosophical Implications of Darwinism.- Two Evolution and Ethics.- Three Darwinism and Ethics: A Response to Antony Flew.- Two Marx.- Four Preliminary Thoughts for a Prolegomena to a Future Analysis of Marxism and Ethics.- Five Marxism and Ethics Today.- Six Marx and Morality.- Three Freud.- Seven Freud's Impact on Modern Morality and Our World View.- Eight Ethics and Excuses: The Ethical Implications of Psychoanalysis.- Nine Freud's Influence on the Moral Aspects of the Physician-Patient Relationship.

Beyond Babies Doe

Abstract: We are trapped in a difficult scene of our own construction. Public debate over the care of seriously ill newborns has cast the issue in a stark light, a light that obliterates the persistent complexities and special circumstances that everywhere tend to render simplistic solutions unworkable and, ultimately, painful to someone—parents, doctors, nurses, or the babies themselves.