The Protege project has come a long way since Mark Musen first built the Protege meta-tool for knowledge-based systems in 1987. The original tool was a small application, aimed at building knowledge-acquisition tools for a few specialized programs in medical planning. From this initial tool, the Protege system has evolved into a durable, extensible platform for knowledge-based systems development and research. The current version, Protege-2000, can be run on a variety of platforms, supports customized user-interface extensions, incorporates the Open Knowledge-Base Connectivity (OKBC) knowledge model, interacts with standard storage formats such as relational databases, XML, and RDF, and has been used by hundreds of individuals and research groups. In this paper, we follow the evolution of the Protege project through three distinct re-implementations. We describe our overall methodology, our design decisions, and the lessons we have learned over the duration of the project. We believe that our success is one of infrastructure: Protege is a flexible, well-supported, and robust development environment. Using Protege, developers and domain experts can easily build effective knowledge-based systems, and researchers can explore ideas in a variety of knowledge-based domains.

The evolution of Protégé: an environment for knowledge-based systems development

Innovative e-commerce ideas are characterised by commercial products yet unknown to the market, enabled by information technology such as the Internet and technologies on top of it. How to develop such products is hardly known. We propose an interdisciplinary approach, e3-value, to explore an innovative e-commerce idea with the aim of understanding such an idea thoroughly and evaluating it for potential profitability. Our methodology exploits a requirements engineering way of working, but employs concepts and terminology from business science, marketing and axiology. It shows how to model business requirements and improve business---IT alignment, in sophisticated multi-actor value constellations that are common in electronic commerce. In addition to the e3-value approach methodology, we also present the action research-based development of our methodology, by using one of the longitudinal projects we carried out in the field of online news article provisioning.

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Value-based requirements engineering: exploring innovative e-commerce ideas

https://www.ontotext.com/documents/publications/2003/SemAIR_ISWC169.pdf

Semantic annotation, indexing, and retrieval

http://staffwww.dcs.shef.ac.uk/people/F.Ciravegna/paperi/webSemantics2006.pdf

Semantic annotation for knowledge management: Requirements and a survey of the state of the art

This paper describes Seeker, a platform for large-scale text analytics, and SemTag, an application written on the platform to perform automated semantic tagging of large corpora. We apply SemTag to a collection of approximately 264 million web pages, and generate approximately 434 million automatically disambiguated semantic tags, published to the web as a label bureau providing metadata regarding the 434 million annotations. To our knowledge, this is the largest scale semantic tagging effort to date.We describe the Seeker platform, discuss the architecture of the SemTag application, describe a new disambiguation algorithm specialized to support ontological disambiguation of large-scale data, evaluate the algorithm, and present our final results with information about acquiring and making use of the semantic tags. We argue that automated large scale semantic tagging of ambiguous content can bootstrap and accelerate the creation of the semantic web.

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SemTag and seeker: bootstrapping the semantic web via automated semantic annotation

An important precondition for realizing the goal of a semantic web is the ability to annotate web resources with semantic information. In order to carry out this task, users need appropriate representation languages, ontologies, and support tools. In this paper we present MnM, an annotation tool which provides both automated and semi-automated support for annotating web pages with semantic contents. MnM integrates a web browser with an ontology editor and provides open APIs to link to ontology servers and for integrating information extraction tools. MnM can be seen as an early example of the next generation of ontology editors, being web-based, oriented to semantic markup and providing mechanisms for large-scale automatic markup of web pages.

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MnM: Ontology Driven Semi-automatic and Automatic Support for Semantic Markup

Ontologies: Mappings and Translation.- The Theory of Top-Level Ontological Mappings and Its Application to Clinical Trial Protocols.- Generating and Integrating Evidence for Ontology Mappings.- Ontology Translation Approaches for Interoperability: A Case Study with Protege-2000 and WebODE.- Ontologies: Problems and Applications.- On the Foundations of UML as an Ontology Representation Language.- OWL Pizzas: Practical Experience of Teaching OWL-DL: Common Errors & Common Patterns.- Using a Novel ORM-Based Ontology Modelling Method to Build an Experimental Innovation Router.- Ontology-Based Functional-Knowledge Modeling Methodology and Its Deployment.- Ontologies: Trust and E-learning.- Accuracy of Metrics for Inferring Trust and Reputation in Semantic Web-Based Social Networks.- Semantic Webs for Learning: A Vision and Its Realization.- Ontology Maintenance.- Enhancing Ontological Knowledge Through Ontology Population and Enrichment.- Refactoring Methods for Knowledge Bases.- Applications to Medicine.- Managing Patient Record Instances Using DL-Enabled Formal Concept Analysis.- Medical Ontology and Virtual Staff for a Health Network.- Portals.- A Semantic Portal for the International Affairs Sector.- OntoWeaver-S: Supporting the Design of Knowledge Portals.- Knowledge Acquisition.- Graph-Based Acquisition of Expressive Knowledge.- Incremental Knowledge Acquisition for Improving Probabilistic Search Algorithms.- Parallel Knowledge Base Development by Subject Matter Experts.- Designing a Procedure for the Acquisition of Probability Constraints for Bayesian Networks.- Invented Predicates to Reduce Knowledge Acquisition.- Web Services and Problem Solving Methods.- Extending Semantic-Based Matchmaking via Concept Abduction and Contraction.- Configuration of Web Services as Parametric Design.- Knowledge Modelling for Deductive Web Mining.- On the Knowledge Level of an On-line Shop Assistant.- A Customer Notification Agent for Financial Overdrawn Using Semantic Web Services.- Aggregating Web Services with Active Invocation and Ensembles of String Distance Metrics.- Search, Browsing and Knowledge Acquisition.- KATS: A Knowledge Acquisition Tool Based on Electronic Document Processing.- SERSE: Searching for Digital Content in Esperonto.- A Topic-Based Browser for Large Online Resources.- Knowledge Formulation for AI Planning.- Short Papers.- ConEditor: Tool to Input and Maintain Constraints.- Adaptive Link Services for the Semantic Web.- Using Case-Based Reasoning to Support Operational Knowledge Management.- A Hybrid Algorithm for Alignment of Concept Hierarchies.- Cultural Heritage Information on the Semantic Web.- Stepper: Annotation and Interactive Stepwise Transformation for Knowledge-Rich Documents.- Knowledge Management and Interactive Learning.- Ontology-Based Semantic Annotations for Biochip Domain.- Toward a Library of Problem-Solving Methods on the Internet.- Supporting Collaboration Through Semantic-Based Workflow and Constraint Solving.- Towards a Knowledge-Aware Office Environment.- Computing Similarity Between XML Documents for XML Mining.- A CBR Driven Genetic Algorithm for Microcalcification Cluster Detection.- Ontology Enrichment Evaluation.- KAFTIE: A New KA Framework for Building Sophisticated Information Extraction Systems.- From Text to Ontology: The Modelling of Economics Events.- Discovering Conceptual Web-Knowledge in Web Documents.- Knowledge Mediation: A Procedure for the Cooperative Construction of Domain Ontologies.- A Framework to Improve Semantic Web Services Discovery and Integration in an E-Gov Knowledge Network.- Knowledge Organisation and Information Retrieval with Galois Lattices.- Acquisition of Causal and Temporal Knowledge in Medical Domains. A Web-Based Approach.

Engineering Knowledge in the Age of the Semantic Web: 14th International Conference, EKAW 2004, Whittlebury Hall, UK, October 5-8, 2004. Proceedings

Engineering Knowledge in the Age of the Semantic Web

By 2020, microprocessors will likely be as cheap and plentiful as scrap paper, scattered by the millions into the environment, allowing us to place intelligent systems everywhere. This will change everything around us, including the nature of commerce, the wealth of nations, and the way we communicate, work, play, and live. This will give us smart homes, cars, TVs, jewellery, and money. We will speak to our appliances, and they will speak back. Scientists also expect the Internet will wire up the entire planet and evolve into a membrane consisting of millions of computer networks, creating an "intelligent planet." The Internet will eventually become a "Magic Mirror" that appears in fairy tales, able to speak with the wisdom of the human race. Michio Kaku, Visions: How Science Will Revolutionize the Twenty-First Century, 1998 If the semantic web needed a symbol, a good one to use would be a Navaho dream-catcher:
 a small web, lovingly hand-crafted, [easy] to look at, and rumored to catch dreams; but really more of a symbol than a reality. Pat Hayes, Catching the Dreams, 2002 Invited Commentary: Sims, R. (2004) Commentary on: Stutt, A. and Motta, E. (2004). Semantic Learning Webs 
Editors: Terry Anderson and Denise Whitelock.

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Semantic Learning Webs

In this paper we discuss a solution to the Sisyphus II elevator design problem developed using the VITAL approach to structured knowledge-based system development. In particular we illustrate in detail the process by which an initial model of Propose & Revise problem solving was constructed using a generative grammar of model fragments and then refined and operationalized in the VITAL operational conceptual modelling language (OCML). In the paper we also discuss in detail the properties of a particular Propose & Revise architecture, called “Complete-Model-then-Revise”, and we show that it compares favourably in terms of competence with alternative Propose & Revise models. Moreover, using as an example the VT domain ontology provided as part of the Sisyphus II task, we critically examine the issues affecting the development of reusable ontologies. Finally, we discuss the performance of our problem solver and we show how we can use machine learning techniques to uncover additional strategic knowledge not present in the VT domain.

Arthur Stutt

Papers

MnM: Ontology Driven Semi-automatic and Automatic Support for Semantic Markup

Engineering Knowledge in the Age of the Semantic Web: 14th International Conference, EKAW 2004, Whittlebury Hall, UK, October 5-8, 2004. Proceedings

Engineering Knowledge in the Age of the Semantic Web

Semantic Learning Webs

Solving VT in VITAL: a study in model construction and knowledge reuse